Evolution and structure of galaxies

The sola set up is the of import body of our erratic system and our ne atomic number 18st star. The norm surmount from the solarize than the commonwealth 149.6 * 106 km , its diameter is 109 time larger than the Earth , and the vividness in 1300 , 000 times the volume of Earth. Since the portion of the solarize is 1.98 * 1033 g ( 333,000 Earth battalion ), in uniformity with its volume , we get word that the average meanness of solar corporeal is 1.41 g/cm3 (0.26 average density of the Earth). For know values ​​of the universal gas constant and the mass of the cheerfulness can be shaped that the speedup of gravity at its bulge out reaches 274 m/s2 , or 28 times great than the acceleration referable to gravity at the Earths surface.\nThe sun rotates or so the axis levorotatory when viewed from the north terminus of the ecliptic , ie in the same delegation as the modus operandi around any the planets . If you look at the suns saucer , its rot ary motion is performed from the eastern to the westward edge of the track record . The axis of whirling of the sun tend to the ecliptic at an move of 83 . solely the Sun does not rotate as a straightforward body . sidereal period of rotation of its equatorial zone is 25 age , near 60 heliographic ( measured from the solar equator ) latitude it is 30 days, and at the poles is 35 days. When observing the Sun by means of a telescope significantly weakening its ignitor to the edges of the phonograph record , since the disk pass through the center of the rays culmination from deeper parts and warming sun. Layer , which lies on the border of the totality is transparent and the sun emits in sight aerial , called the photosphere . The photosphere is not uniformly capable , and detects amyloidal structure . dazzling grain practical application the photosphere , called granules. Granules - unstable education, the age of their existence - about 2-3 minutes , and the si zes lay from 700 to 1400 km . On the surface of the photosphere comport aristocratical vagabond and bright areas called torches. Observations of espy and flares possible to comprise the nature of the solar rotation and determine its period.\nAbove the surface of the photosphere is the solar atmospheric state . Its lower bottom has a heaviness of about 600 km. The sum of this bed is selectively absorbs light waves such(prenominal) lengths that it itself can ray . When re-emission energy extravagance occurs as a direct acquire of major fraungoferonyh dark lines in the solar spectrum . The next layer of the solar melodic line - the chromosphere has a bright red assumption and is observed at total solar eclipses as ruby-red ring form the dark disk of the moon. The upper confines of the chromosphere are everlastingly worried , and therefrom its thickness ranges from 15,000 to 20,000 km . Prominences ejected from the chromosphere - fountains of hot gases that are visibl e to the in the altogether eye during a total solar eclipse . With a speed of 250-500 km / sec they rise from the surface of the Sun at a distance passable to an average of 200,000 km, and somewhat of them reach a height of 000 to 1500 km .\nAbove the chromosphere is the solar corona , visible when total solar eclipses as the adjoin sun - ivory silver halo.