Sixteenth century female sexuality and their impact on Shakespeare's Research Paper

Sixteenth century female sexuality and their impact on Shakespeare's tragedy - Research Paper Example Definitely, one would assume to see gender contemplations exposed in Shakespeare’s works as distresses about the female gender, forming one of the crucial social considerations of Shakespeare’s normal life. Shakespeare, a popular and political writer, can hardly refrain himself from the common societal worries. In two of Shakespeare’s tragedies, Hamlet and Macbeth, he openly suggests the danger of female participation in sovereign level politics. He dramatizes real political concerns that came out during queen Elizabeth Tudors’ reign through the marriage of Gertrude to Hamlet’s uncle because of Lady Macbeth’s ambitious political career (Waddington 42). The sixteenth century leadership was invoked mostly by tensions aptly captured by Shakespeare, where Hamlet and Macbeth who do not make open political remarks about Elizabeth Tudor’s monarchy. In their book Shakespeare’s politics Allan Bloom and Harry V. Jaffa disparage and emphas ize the drawbacks of construing Shakespeare within historical terms (Archer, Culpeper, and Rayson 7). However, they agree that Shakespeare’s works produced a precise thematic image of current social concerns. This is highly agreeable to many other different authors who also contend that historical portrayal cannot be disregarded as it is quite weighty. Leonard’s book, Tennee house; power on display; the politics of Shakespeare’s genres, projects that Shakespeare’s literary works cannot be separated from the aspect of him being a Renaissance individual and dramatist where female discrimination was on the zenith (Archer, Culpeper, and Rayson 11). Shakespeare also portrays that female role did not have steadiness and thus confined an intrinsic danger as the Tudor monarchy is regularly clouded by shakiness and problems, for example, the failed marriage of Mary and Tudor’s uncertainty sentiment to matrimony (Waddington 67). This instability caused hyped anxiety among the Englishmen who are able relate negatively to the fitness of the Elizabethan rule. To some extent, the gender or the queen herself as a female leader was illustrated as insolvent to stable rule of the state. The literary works of Shakespeare also to some extent question the queen’s ability to lead the state through war and even her authority over her male subjects. This aspect also paints how male chauvinism had clouded the sixteenth century societies (Waddington 68). Even the queen to pass over the mantle to the next heir or her husband was questioned widely. Through the plays, Hamlet and Macbeth’s political ambitions lead to political instability of the state and disruption of the natural harmony. Lady Macbeth’s lethal political ambitions eventually constrain the state’s political culture and further diffuse the role of females in the sixteenth century societies as she is rendered as someone who can go to extreme limits just for self-w ant and enrichment (Waddington 104). Her subversive attempts finally convince her husband to assassinate the current monarch, and through this plot, she assumes power as the queen and her husband, the king, and acts as she did not know of what transpired. Therefore, Lady Macbeth’s female ambitions depict a negative connection of the females within the sixteenth century. All these female characteristics can also be alluded to the biblical writing where females like Delilah were shown as symbols of treachery and slyness. Herod’

Physical Activity at School Is Important Essay Example for Free

Physical Activity at School Is Important Essay Physical activity is important in many various ways. Aim for 30 minutes of physical activity a day on most days of the week. Your activity can be spread out through the day. Try for 10 minutes at a time, but even a few minutes’ counts. A big reason physical activity important is having strong bones. Another big reason is having a healthier heart and lungs. Another reason physical activity is important is because everybody needs a lot of energy. All three of these reasons are important in our everyday lives. My first reason is you get stronger bones. Having stronger bones is one of the main reasons of physical activity and its importance. A personal experience that has happened to me is that my uncle never exercised and got osteoporosis. Exercising just a few minutes each day will gain you stronger bones. Every minute counts. Want muscles? Exercise at least 30 minutes’ each day for a long period of time I guarantee you results. My second reason is having a healthier heart and lungs. This is also one of the main reasons of physical activity and its importance. A personal experience I’ve gone through is that my grandpa died from chronic disease. Try keeping your heart and lungs extremely healthy. Avoid heart disease and acute disease. Nobody likes that. Live a long and healthier life. My third and final reason is having more energy. More energy throughout the day is magnificent. A personal experience that I’ve gone through is having no energy. Exercising allows more energy to flow through your body and be more enthusiastic during the day. In conclusion I believe physical is important in various ways. One reason is because you maintain stronger bones. Another reason is because you get a healthier heart and lungs. And the last reason is you get more energy. This content has shown most of the important reasons of why physical activity is important.

The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton :: The Outsiders SE Hinton

The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton The Outsiders by S.E. Hinton, published by puffin books in 2001. Pony boy is the little brother of Soda and Darry. Pony, Soda and Darry live together in the house, that their parents left them when they died in a car crash. Darry is 19 and a big muscly man who works two jobs to support his two little brothers. Soda is 16 going on 17 and looks a lot like a Greek god; he works at a car yard and dropped out of school because he needed to work to support the family. Pony is 14 and is an A student at school he likes to watch the sunset and is the narrator of this book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Greasers are the poorest with not too much money at all. They drive fords and are much more laid back than the Soc’s. Greasers commit petty crimes and sometimes more serious ones. Greasers have long hair which they take great pride in; the Greasers wear older clothes and normally smoke far too much. The Greasers fight fair ‘â€Å"Skin fighting isn’t rough. It blows of steam better than anything.’† (p37) Greasers usually stick together but sometimes they can’t help throwing a punch or two. Soc’s are rich they have all the money and all the (cool) stuff. The Soc’s drive Mustangs and wear Madras ski jackets; they have social clubs and beat up people for the fun of it. Soc’s fight dirty and they drink and fight amongst themselves. They are the devils of society then its saviours. They are the presidents and the politicians when they get old and when there young, they get in trouble for crime and abuse.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃ¢â‚¬Å"I’ll bet you watch sunsets, too.† I nodded. â€Å"I used to watch them, too, before I got so busy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (p50) Cherry Valance (a socy cheerleader) and Pony boy both watch the same sunset. The Soc’s and the Greasers both live in Tulsa.

Culture and Visual Entertainment Media

Generally speaking, visual media has shaped American culture and its values in many ways due to the fact an average American spends most of their free time watching television. In the aspect when television first came out they avoided controversial issues because it was considered taboo to speak about them. Therefore, they made shows geared towards families living the good life with a mom at home and dad at work. This era instilled values of respect and self worth with little controversy. However, as time passed technology evolved and so did visual media. Visual entertainment began to develop into more controversial issues that changed the way we viewed the world. For instance, entertainment media began to talk about racism and mistreatment towards others; this lead Americans into the civil rights movement and equal treatment for everyone regardless of their skin color. This became the foundation that allowed other shows to step outside the box and begin to broadcast more controversial issues. Shows began to reflect life as a single parent and women entering the work force; therefore changing the value of what people considered to be a normal family. In this era divorce rates went up and many women began working towards establishing careers outside the home. As years passed, so did visual media. Cable television began to dominate the airwaves and became a popular way for people to receive media entrainment. This form of entertainment had no problem broadcasting issues such as sex, drugs, violence, and politics. Cable also made it easy for viewers to watch adult content and violent films at any moment of the day; therefore changing the way we view ourselves, others, and the world around us. I personally believe most social influences are mainly negative because people enjoy the controversy of sex, drugs, and violence. Advertisement, movies, and music compete for your attention; therefore most of them are geared towards body image and violence. Not to mention, some celebrities can openly express their opinion to children on what is considered to be acceptable behavior and what is not

Positive Male Role Models Essay

The Key to the Success of the African American Male March 11, 2007 For the majority of African American males, the path to success is a challenging one. Young African American males in today’s society face major challenges to their growth and security. The lack of opportunity and motivation stems from preceding obstacles set before the pathways of their ancestors. Therefore, the crisis faced by present day African American males is nothing new. Having unchanged outcomes in the social aspect of present-day African American males, Black youth should take the unsuccessful paths of their predecessors as lessons learned. Nevertheless, there can not be any type of change expected without adequate opportunities as well as appropriate motivation. From an early age, it has become increasingly apparent that Black males are confronted with a series of obstacles in their attempts to attain academic, career, and personal-social success (Lee, 1992). Being that children are very impressionable, young black males need to be inspired with confidence by a positive example or influence in the beginning stages. The prior stages of adolescence are the most important to the development of successful African American males. This is where the need for positive male role models becomes affective. Most would agree that the key factor of role models is greatly needed. Within the article, Wanted: A few good men, the importance of role models to increase opportunities for African American males were emphasized. Pointed out was a specific period in which a defining moment takes place in the young black male’s life. This was noted as the second of several defining moments, â€Å"When individuals assert their independence and often engage in high-risk behavior† (Simms, 1991). This was seen in many black males, but particularly in those whose lives lacked a successful role model. In many cases, this is the key setback in the development of successful black males. The concern for the lack of successful role models is not the only factor, but the lack of realistic models for African American males is an issue also. In the article, Fighting the failure syndrome, it speaks of rescuing African American males from a future of self-destruction and an absence of positive male influence. The fact of the matter is, the majority of black youth grow up in female-headed, poor, and negative influenced environments (Simms, 1991). Now, with the lack of a father or father figure, the stereotypical negative branding, and no other inspiring influences, Black youth are left with a limited choice of models to follow. It is stated that successful celebrities are too distant to offer realistic models of reliable maturity. â€Å"The adult males whom many black boys try to emulate come from their own neighborhoods, and in tough urban areas, these â€Å"models† are all too often involved in drugs and crime† (Tifft, 1990). With that being said, there needs to be an empowering of young Black males. And coincidentally, Empowering Young Black Males, is an article that covers a variety of problems and possible solutions to the major challenges young Black males are faced with today. This article deals with African American males in schools, psychosocial development, as well as actions for intervention. The acknowledgement that young Black males are sufferers of negative attitudes and lowered expectations further enhances the need for empowerment schemes. Such initiatives must focus on helping Black male youth develop attitudes, behaviors, and values necessary to function at optimal levels at school and in the world (Lee, 1992). Black male empowerment can play a major role in sponsoring a positive-based developmental program. The articles used provide good supporting facts of why positive male role models are needed as well as how much of a factor they are in the path to success. The process of developing young African American males goes through many stages. Having to find the right man for the job, the effort in being effective in breaking the negative cycle, to the overall empowering of Black youth is a task.

The eNotes Blog 3 Memoirs That ReimagineIllness

3 Memoirs That ReimagineIllness With the proliferation of illness narratives in the late nineteenth century, many writer-turned-patients have used the written word to capture what it means to face their own morality. There are a lot of illness narratives out there that feel disingenuous or overtly sentimental- and truthfully, it’s hard to say if we can ever fully understand another person’s suffering or sickness- but we seek these stories out anyway, wanting to learn from someone else’s experiences, wanting to better understand the impact of illness on our lives and the people around us. The best stories don’t promise inspiration or even a transformational change by the end, but promise to deliver the truth with emotional clarity and insight. Humor, even. From de-mystifying disease to self-discovery, these three memoirs seek to re-imagine what a story about illness can and should be. 1. Autobiography of a Face  by Lucy Grealy This is a memoir to the body, to a disease that was never named to Lucy Grealy as a child- at least not until much later. Grealy’s memoir centers on her childhood experiences of undergoing several operations and years of chemotherapy treatments to remove a cancerous tumor in her jaw, and the subsequent pain of fitting in, of overcoming her fear of being unloved. â€Å"It was the pain from that, from feeling ugly, that I always viewed as the great tragedy of my life,† Grealy writes. â€Å"The fact that I had cancer seemed minor in comparison.† Page count: 256 Publish date: March 18, 2003 2. Illness as Metaphor  by Susan Sontag Written as a reaction to her own experiences with cancer, Sontag’s Illness as Metaphor can hardly be considered a memoir; in fact, Sontag rarely appears in the text. But her book, which argues for the elimination of unwanted metaphorical thinking from our responses to illness, is as personal as it is social commentary. Sontag relies on her background as a researcher and critic to debunk common metaphors using medicine, literature, philosophy, and politics to solidify her case. This must-read teaches us how we think about and talk about disease, an enlightening read for any healthcare provider, patient, family member, scholar, or student. Page count: 87 Publish date: August 25, 2001 3. Intoxicated by My Illness  by Anatole Broyard In his autobiographical account about life with prostate cancer, Broyard writes, â€Å"the sick man sees everything as metaphor.† As a New York Times book critic and editor, he uses humor and literature in this collection of essays as a way of dealing with his diagnosis., Through these essays, he also seeks to know: How does one articulate â€Å"the imaginative life of the sick† and do it well? Page count: 156 Publish date: June 1, 1993

Free Essays on Puritans In Early America

When King Henry VII dissolved the Catholic Church and made the Church of England rendering the Pope powerless in all English affairs (Williams, 4), some people, non-conformists, were not happy. They were persecuted for practicing their religion, so when they found a chance to leave, they did. This first group of people had been living in self-exile in Leyden, Holland. They were known by 3 different names, their leader William Bradford called them Pilgrims, those who held them in contempt called them Brownists, and to King James and his court they were known as Separatists (Williams, 48). They were forced to leave England, because their complete and unchanging belief that religion should be completely free from government. They became tired of Holland, because of their poor worship of the Sabbath, and were ready to find a new place to live, but only 35 were brave enough to go to the America, they were joined by 66 people from London. Their desired destination is not known, but they ended up landing at Cape Cod. After some exploring surrounding land the Pilgrims chose Plymouth Rock as their permanent settlement (Williams, 52). Although the first year almost half of the population died, by 1632, 11 years after the beginning their population was up to 500. By the end in 1691 the population was no more than eight thousand scattered in several towns (Williams, 53). Puritans made many settlements and had trade routes in between the cities. Inside of the cities life was organized and run very strictly. The church was the government and controlled everything under strict rule. They believed punishment for everything should be death or shame. If you had beliefs other than what the church wanted you to have you would be thrown in jail, or banished. The church felt fear of God was the way to worship, and also felt that fear was the best way to run a community. Puritans, like all Protestants, believed in predestination; God, they declared, ha... Free Essays on Puritans In Early America Free Essays on Puritans In Early America When King Henry VII dissolved the Catholic Church and made the Church of England rendering the Pope powerless in all English affairs (Williams, 4), some people, non-conformists, were not happy. They were persecuted for practicing their religion, so when they found a chance to leave, they did. This first group of people had been living in self-exile in Leyden, Holland. They were known by 3 different names, their leader William Bradford called them Pilgrims, those who held them in contempt called them Brownists, and to King James and his court they were known as Separatists (Williams, 48). They were forced to leave England, because their complete and unchanging belief that religion should be completely free from government. They became tired of Holland, because of their poor worship of the Sabbath, and were ready to find a new place to live, but only 35 were brave enough to go to the America, they were joined by 66 people from London. Their desired destination is not known, but they ended up landing at Cape Cod. After some exploring surrounding land the Pilgrims chose Plymouth Rock as their permanent settlement (Williams, 52). Although the first year almost half of the population died, by 1632, 11 years after the beginning their population was up to 500. By the end in 1691 the population was no more than eight thousand scattered in several towns (Williams, 53). Puritans made many settlements and had trade routes in between the cities. Inside of the cities life was organized and run very strictly. The church was the government and controlled everything under strict rule. They believed punishment for everything should be death or shame. If you had beliefs other than what the church wanted you to have you would be thrown in jail, or banished. The church felt fear of God was the way to worship, and also felt that fear was the best way to run a community. Puritans, like all Protestants, believed in predestination; God, they declared, ha...

Does the SAT Predict Your College Success and Income

Does the SAT Predict Your College Success and Income SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You know it’s important for you to do well on the SATs because better scores will get you into a better college - top colleges want high SAT scores because they are supposed to indicate insight that a particular student is academically strong. Ultimately, a better college education is supposed to help you be more successful in your career. But do your SAT scores really speak to how competent or prepared you are as a potential student? And does a great college really increase your chances of professional success? These are tough, but important, questions - I’ll address them all here. First, I’ll talk about what the research says about the relationships between SAT scores, college success, and income. Then, I’ll present some explanations for why these factors are (or are not) related - it might not be for the reasons you think. So what’s the real relationship between your SAT scores, college success, and income? Why do these questions even matter? Read on to find out! What Are the Relationships Between SAT Scores, College Success, and Income? In these next sections, I'll talk about the correlations between SAT scores, college success, and future income. If there's a correlation between two factors or variables, that means there's a relationship between them - a positive correlation means that if one variable increases, the other variable will also increase.Causation is something a little different: if there's a causal relationship between two factors, it means one has a direct effect on the other. Just because there's a correlation between two factors doesn't mean there's a causal relationship. Still, though, the correlational relationships I'll discuss are important because they give us clues about how important some predictive factors are - for example, can high SAT scores predict future income? You're about to find out. SAT and College Success If you have high SAT scores, are you likely to get better grades in college? Perhaps unsurprisingly, most research studies find that your SAT scores do predict college success - to an extent. The relationship isn't particularly strong, which means that if you have high SAT scores, you're only slightly more likely to have higher college grades than a student who had lower scores. Research shows a similar relationship between SAT scores and high school grades. Given this relationship, it makes sense that colleges use the SAT as part of their admissions criteria.Schools tend to prefer students with higher SAT scores because they think that, in some small part, these scores could predict how well these students do in school. If schools accept students with higher scores and then these students are successful in college (and beyond), the schools will begin building a positive reputation. Ultimately, higher SAT scores might predict college success, but they'll more likely make you a more competitive college applicant. Keep in mind, though, that highand low scores are totally relative(read more about good and bad SAT scores). SAT and Income If you have high SAT scores, are you likely to earn more money after you graduate from college?There does seem to be a positive relationship between SAT performance and future income - that is, the better a student scores on her SAT, the more likely she is to earn more money later in life. One study found that high scorers not only went on to earn higher incomes, but they were also more likely to earn PhDs, file patents, and get tenure as a professor at a top university. Again, though, this relationship doesn't seem particularly strong. There are many other factors that better predict future income; not all Bachelor degrees pay the same. College Success and Income If you're more successful in college, are you likely to earn more later in life?To answer this question, I'm going to break "college success" down into two different parts: success as attending a top school, and success as earning a high GPA. Top Schools and Income If you end up at a top college, are you likely to earn more money than other college graduates? Students who attend top colleges tend to do pretty well. Top colleges are well-rated in the first place because they have good reputations, high graduation rates, strong undergraduate programs, and strong alumni networks. It would make sense that these factors would be related to greater income post-graduation. And that's exactly what the research shows: graduates of science/math-heavy schools and Ivy League schools tend to earn more than graduates of other colleges. Again, though, these are correlative relationships - you don't necessarily need to graduate from a top college in order to earn a lot of money.Simply getting a college degree is likely to significantly increase your future earnings. GPA and Income If you get better grades in college, are you likely to earn more money than students with lower GPAs? In general, students who do well in college tend to earn more after they graduate. This might depend on your field.Research has found that the difference in income between low-GPA and high-GPA graduates can amount to tens of thousands of dollars in certain careers. You might imagine that if many recent grads are competing for the same awesome job, GPA could end up a very important factor in hiring decisions. So yes, depending on your career path, higher grades are correlated with higher income. How Do All of These Factors Fit Together? It looks like SAT scores, college success, and income are all positively correlated. We can infer that higher SAT scores tendto predict greater college success, and greater college success tends to predict higher incomes later on. These relationships seem to generally fit what we expect.It's important to keep in mind, though, that these are relationships, not rules -just because someone has a perfect SAT score, for example, doesn’t mean that she will end up a millionaire. The real question is WHY these factors are related. Why do we expect high SAT scores→ better college → higher income? I’ll address the possible explanations in the next section. What's the Reason for the Relationships Between SAT Scores, College Success, and Income? What do you think leads to successful outcomes? There’s no empirically supported response to this question. Just because we can observe a relationship (correlation) doesn’t mean we can determine what’s driving it (causation). In this section, though, I’ll present some of the most plausible explanations for the reason behind these relationships. 1. A Better SAT Score Means You'll Get Into a Better College, and Attending a Better College Means More Opportunities for a Higher Income. This explanation is perhaps the most straightforward.Top colleges consider students more competitive if they have higher SAT scores - we know this to be true (although standardized test scores aren’t the only things that admissions officers consider). The better the school you attend, the more career opportunities are available to you. Here's an example to explain what I mean.Let's say we have two very similar students who attend high school together: same GPA, same list of extracurriculars, same AP courses. Student A studies for two months for the SAT and scores a 1500, whereas student B studies for one week and scores a 20.Although both display the same degree of talent and intellectual ability, Student A gets into an Ivy League college and student B doesn't. Student A has access to more career fairs and recruiters, and can utilize a stronger alumni network before getting her first job, ultimately making more money than Student B. She isn't smarter or more ambitious than her peer - she just has more doors open to her. With student talent (and even the fundamental quality of education) being equal between two people, the opportunities that come with a top college make it easier to earn a higher income after graduation. 2. If You're Naturally Smart, You'll Have High SAT Scores and Probably High Grades. This Means You'll Get Into a Better College and Have More Opportunitiesto Earn a Higher Income. This baby was born smart and happened to score a perfect 1600. This is the College Board's general position on the SAT exam: it's designed to be a totally fair exam that tests aptitude and critical thinking, not general knowledge or even test-taking strategy. Thus, smarter students should earn higher scores without too much practice or prep. Intelligent students will go on to have success in other areas (college applications, job searches) because they're naturally skilled. Some smart people are naturally good test-takers who can earn fantastic scores without much effort. But there are many smart students who don’t necessarily do well on the SAT at first. High school students who don't have much information on the exam, or don't have a strong foundation in core SAT content areas, are at a particular disadvantage (even if they're smart). Test-taking anxiety or unfamiliarity with the exam can significantly bring down the scores intelligent students. Ultimately, while natural smarts might lead to higher scores, many other factors (unrelated to intelligence) can bring them down. 3. If You Come From a Privileged Background, You've Had More Opportunities (Like a Better High School Education), Leading to a Higher SAT Score and Greater Chances for Future Success. Having resources available to you through childhood into adulthood definitely doesn’t make things harder. Students may be fortunate enough to hire a private SAT tutor, for example. Perhaps parents help ensure future success through their own professional connections.Many critics of the SAT endorse this explanation - they feel that for this reason, the SAT puts students from underprivileged backgrounds at a disadvantage, which isn’t fair. Research tends to support this explanation: one study, sardonically naming the SAT the "Student Affluence Test," showed that students from wealthy families tend to out-score students from low-income families by about 400 points. That's a huge margin, one that can make an enormous impact on the sorts of colleges that are within students' reach.While you don't need to come from a wealthy family to do well on the SAT, attend a top college, and earn a high income, it seems that low-income students are fighting an uphill battle. So Which Explanation Is the Right One? What's the right recipe for success on the SAT, in college, and even in your career? Like I mentioned at earlier points in this points, it's really difficult to establish causality when discussing the effects of different factors on future success. It's likely that the "right" explanation is some combination of the ones listed above. High SAT scores + natural smarts + privileged background might be the easiest recipe for future success, but it isn't the only one. There are some factors you won't have any control over - like your family background, or natural test-taking aptitude - but there are things you can do to bring up your SAT scores. And like I mentioned in Explanation #1, SAT scores seem to have the clearest connection to college success and income. I'll address strategies for maxing out your chances for future success in the next section. How Do You Set Yourself Up for Future Success If You're at a Disadvantage? Even an uphill climb can be made easier with the right tools. If you don’t consider yourself a natural test-taker, or if you don’t come from a privileged background, you might be nervous about the SAT. You know it determines (to some extent) what sort of college you can get into, and it tends to predict income. So what can you do if you want to give yourself the best chance possible at being successful? Self Study Work out of a book on your own, take practice tests, and review your wrong answers to improve your scores over a set timeline. The College Board Blue Book is a great place to start if you plan on studying on your own.PrepScholar's blog is also a great free resource for comprehensive, up-to-date content on studying for the SAT. However, this self-study strategy might not be the best option for students who tend to procrastinate or who lack motivation. Take an SAT Class SAT classes are great for an intro to the test, especially if you want to focus on learning strategy. These classes can help you get motivated, but they're not customized to your particular strengths and weaknesses. Get a Private Tutor A private, one-on-one tutor can be a great resource because you get a totally customized experience. It’s also very costly, and it can be difficult to find an experienced and proven instructor. Wyzant is a good place to start looking for tutors in your area - you can see how tutees have rated them in the past. Use PrepScholar's SAT Prep PrepScholar's program isaffordable, customized, and effective. Get more info on the SAT prep program. What's Next? Ready todo your future self a favor? You can start right now by checking out our guides to the SAT. The right sidebar includes links to some of our most popular guides and a list of topics to explore further. Beginners should start here by learning about good and bad SAT scores, and what scores they should be aiming for. Already an SAT expert? Maybe you'd be interested in Ivy League SAT scores, or a guide to getting the perfect score. Disappointed with your scores? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Francesca Fulciniti About the Author Francesca graduated magna cum laude from Harvard and scored in the 99th percentile on the SATs. She's worked with many students on SAT prep and college counseling, and loves helping students capitalize on their strengths. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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Bernard Madoff Investment Securities Scandal Research Paper

Bernard Madoff Investment Securities Scandal - Research Paper Example Born in 1938, former American stock broker, investment adviser, and non executive chairman of the NASDAQ, Bernard Madoff is believed to be one of the greatest frauds of all time. He was succeeded in cheating the public and the authorities for around 30 years using a Ponzi scheme. He was succeeded in adding one more new chapter to the fraud histories in the world. Anyone who is working in investment securities department in the world is now taking lessons from the innovative investment scandal anchored by Madoff. Madoff admitted that he has started his fraudulent activities in early in the 1990’s. However federal investigating agencies believed that he started his activities as early as in the eighties itself. â€Å"Madoff founded the Wall Street firm Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities LLC in 1960, and was its chairman until his arrest on December 11, 2008† (Bernie Madoff’s Investment Scandal Exposed, 2010).The Wall Street firm took the investors by surprise because of the high and consistent short term returns offered to the investors. The Ponzi scheme offered to the investors by Madoff was attracted many investors because of its earning potential. A Ponzi scheme can be defined as a fraudulent investment operation which offers the investors high returns other investments cannot guarantee. Most of the other investment schemes in America are offering high returns on investments only if the investors invest their money for longer periods whereas the Ponzi scheme offers high returns to investments of even shorter period. This fraudulent investment operation pays returns to separate investors from their own money rather than from any actual profit earned. The offers put forward by Madoff through his Ponzi scheme were exciting which increased the traffic flow towards his offices. Investors started to invest heavily in this Ponzi scheme

Effective communication among nurses Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Effective communication among nurses - Assignment Example It is evident from the study that effective communication among nurses ensures proper understanding, avoidance of medical mishaps, as well as excellent performance of their duties. Based on the fact that nursing is collaborative, efficient communication among the various parties including patients, doctors and nurses cannot be unnoticed. In addition to prevention of health misapprehension, valuable nursing communication ensures customer satisfaction and trust. During their communication nurses should be specific. This implies that a nurse should converse essential information to other nurses, patients and doctors. In the same way, nurses should accurately respond to the questions from patients and other personnel. The primary benefit of effective communication among nurses is satisfaction of patients and perfection of health care system. Due to the wide range of duties that nurses undertake, it is paramount to emulate delegation of duties in order to improve nurse’s performanc e, as well as maximize the available human resources. During the delegation of duties, senior nurses should consider the abilities and the skills possessed by the assistant nurses. To ensure that the assistant nurses have the ability to deal with patients vital signs, nursing ethics depicts that senior nurses must provide that the results of the delegated duties are compliant with the nursing standards. In the same way, it is vital for nurses to make sure that individuals whom duties are delegated to follows the instructions as outlined. Supervision and support of the assistant nurses are other key requirements of the nursing ethics during delegation of duties. One of the major benefits of delegating duties to assistant nurses is that it enables registered nurses to undertake appropriately tasks that cannot be devolved. Even though, at the initial stages the time saved through delegation may not be reasonable, the gradual improvement of skills by the assistant nurses makes the saved time to be significant in the long-term. It is vital to note that rather than undertaking many nursing duties in an ineffective manner, nurses should focus on doing few tasks in an excellent way. In cases where the number of patients requiring closer attention is high, delegation of nursing duties ensures that every patient is effectively addressed. Through delegation, consultation among the nurses is attained, thus, leading to an effective communication system. Strategic planning To meet the needs of a nursing facility, it is imperative for managers to have an attainable vision. Additionally, managers should emulate strategic plans that are focused on attaining organizational goals within 2-5 years. Through development of a mission statement, an organisation gives the public and government authorities the actual picture of why it exists. In this regard, it is vital for managers to seek the input of other nurses in the review of vision and mission statement in case they are outdate d. Environmental assessment is a major step in strategic planning. This entails assessing the demographic profile of other workers, as well as members of the public served by the nursing facility. To make the services provided by the care centre relevant and attainable, hospital management team should take into

Transformational Leadership Atta ur Rehman Essay

Transformational Leadership Atta ur Rehman - Essay Example Even though knowledge is inadequate on what types of leaders are needed, there are a number of assumptions about leadership. Foe example, in an organization there is an assumption that leaders of organizational change should be both leaders and managers. Another assumption about leaders who change their organizations is that only administrators will be leaders. However this assumption that change comes only from individuals in top positions ignores the invisible leadership of lower-level staff members (Murphy, 1988). Vast studies of organizational leadership have been focused on leaders in administrative positions. These leaders begin with having a vision, develop a shared vision with their co-workers and value the organization's personnel. Leaders who change their organizations are proactive and take risks. They recognize shifts in the interests or desires of their clientele, anticipate the need to change and challenge the status quo. Transformational leadership has been found to be a significant factor in facilitating, improving and promoting the organizational progress of employees. Nevertheless, the data on leaders of organizational change and the emerging information on transformational leadership indicate that the characteristics of these individuals mirror those of leaders who have changed other organizations. Leaders of organizational change have vision; foster a shared vision, and value human resources. They are proactive and take risks. Vision to Change Organization Every type of leadership requires a vision. A vision is actually a force that provides meaning and purpose to the work of an organization. Leaders of change are visionary leaders, and vision is the basis of their work. To actively change an organization, leaders must make decisions about the nature of the desired state (Manasse, 1986). They begin with a personal vision to forge a shared vision with their co-workers. Their communication of the vision is such that it empowers the authority to people to act. According to Westley and Mintzberg (1989) visionary transformational leaders are dynamic and apply the following three stage process to create useful changes in their organizations. (a). They create an image of the desired future of the organization. (b). Communicate the vision to serve all. (c). Transformational leaders empower the followers so that they can enact the vision. For organizational leaders who implement changes in their organizations, vision is a hunger to see development (Pejza, 1985) as well as the force which forms meaning (Manasse, 1986). Leaders of organizational change have approach to display a clear picture of what they want to accomplish. Further they have the ability to visualize one's goals (Mazzarella & Grundy, 1989). In their vision, they present purpose, implication, and significance to the work of the organization and empower the staff to contribute to the realization of the vision. The American Association of School Administrators' (1986) description of leadership includes the leader's ability to translate a vision into reality as well as the skill to coherent the vision to others. According to Manasse (1986),

What was the role of the media in the 2012 presidential elections Essay

What was the role of the media in the 2012 presidential elections - Essay Example The BBC monitoring group of the presidential election in Russia outlined the profiles of successful presidential candidates in the 2012 election. This move was meant to inform the public about the persons they were likely to elect into office. Key details presented were the lives, previous services, and eligibility factors for the five successful presidential candidates. In so doing, an assessment or evaluation concept emerges, where the candidates’ merit to the public can be prepared. This press document denotes one of the primary functions of the media towards the society. The ultimate objective is to have the media evaluate the relative political welfare in Russia. Trends in global politics have become deeply rooted in democracy. This democracy has subsequently resulted in the proliferation of diplomacy among world states. For the Discovery World, diplomacy is a diverse and dynamic concept. What this means is that approaches to diplomacy differ from one country to another. What constitutes effective and efficient diplomacy in Russia does not necessary do in the United Kingdom. This document, therefore, highlights interstate diplomacy, politics, and media engagement differentials. The idea is to mobilize the public to be more vigilant as they undertake their constitutional right of participating in presidential elections. Political outcomes are often uncertain and subject to criticism from different players in the public domain. This press file highlights arguments for and against the outcome of the Russian election of the year 2012. For the media, the primary focus is directed towards what observers said. However, the situation is different to the voters. Voters had five candidates to choose their president from. Whether or not the observers’ remarks were true, the voters reserved the secretion to elect the preferred president. Over and above the mere reporting of what

McDonald's Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

McDonald's Corporation - Essay Example No wonder, McDonald’s Corporation every year rakes in revenues worth billions of dollars. At the foundation of this impressive international expansion and mind boggling profitability lays the unique and customized marketing strategy of McDonald’s Corporation. Over the years, McDonald’s Corporation has evolved a highly versatile and resourceful marketing strategy to promote its products. McDonald’s is a corporate concern that believes in customizing its marketing efforts and brand strategy to suit the local markets. Therefore, it resorts to an innovative mix of apt marketing planning and execution, effective brand management and evolution and strategic creativity (McDonald’s Corporation 2009). Hence, the overall marketing strategy of McDonald’s has always been an assorted blend of catchy advertising and promotional, media publicity, in-store marketing, public relations initiatives, etc (McDonald’s Corporation 2009). The primary objective behind the marketing strategy of McDonald’s is to forge a meaningful and long lasting relationship with its customers. In its expansion history, McDonald faced several unique issues that were often specific to the local arenas in which its restaurants were located. The forte of the company has been its ability to realign its marketing strategies to accommodate the local concerns and issues. For example, in 2003, McDonald had to face a unique situation in Europe and particularly the UK, when its sales figures started dwindling owing to the rising customer concerns over obesity and health problems associated with fast food consumption (Marketing Week 2005). The situation desperately required an innovative and fresh approach towards marketing. McDonald responded to this challenge by coming out with timely, integrated marketing campaigns revolving around â€Å"music, sport,

What was the role of the media in the 2012 presidential elections Essay

What was the role of the media in the 2012 presidential elections - Essay Example The BBC monitoring group of the presidential election in Russia outlined the profiles of successful presidential candidates in the 2012 election. This move was meant to inform the public about the persons they were likely to elect into office. Key details presented were the lives, previous services, and eligibility factors for the five successful presidential candidates. In so doing, an assessment or evaluation concept emerges, where the candidates’ merit to the public can be prepared. This press document denotes one of the primary functions of the media towards the society. The ultimate objective is to have the media evaluate the relative political welfare in Russia. Trends in global politics have become deeply rooted in democracy. This democracy has subsequently resulted in the proliferation of diplomacy among world states. For the Discovery World, diplomacy is a diverse and dynamic concept. What this means is that approaches to diplomacy differ from one country to another. What constitutes effective and efficient diplomacy in Russia does not necessary do in the United Kingdom. This document, therefore, highlights interstate diplomacy, politics, and media engagement differentials. The idea is to mobilize the public to be more vigilant as they undertake their constitutional right of participating in presidential elections. Political outcomes are often uncertain and subject to criticism from different players in the public domain. This press file highlights arguments for and against the outcome of the Russian election of the year 2012. For the media, the primary focus is directed towards what observers said. However, the situation is different to the voters. Voters had five candidates to choose their president from. Whether or not the observers’ remarks were true, the voters reserved the secretion to elect the preferred president. Over and above the mere reporting of what

Hitchens vs Blair debate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hitchens vs Blair debate - Essay Example Hitchens found it easy to make strong arguments concerning a wide range of bad things that humans have done in the name of religion, and he in fact did not find it difficult to explain how religion, which is considered to be good, has done more harm not only to individuals in the society, but also to the world as well. On stage, Hitchens raised very pertinent points many of which worked against Blair’s arguments. Among the most prominent statements that he made is that â€Å"religion forces nice people to do unkind things ... and to do stupid things." Hitchens made this statement in a bid to emphasize the fact that religion is among the most disastrous institutions in the world because it has often been the source of conflict. In addition to this statement, he also made a pass at circumcision, which he considers to be a violation of human rights, since it involves the mutilation of the human body. Hitchens sarcastically states, "Please pass me that sharp stone for its genital ia so that I might do the work of the Lord" (CSPANJUNKIEd0Torg) A major point of argument in the debate concerned the exclusivity of religion, on which Hitchens states that it had always struck him as strange that there should be a special church for English people. His argument implied that religion in itself was a divisive factor in the world, and that the world would probably function better without it. In response to Hitchens’ comparing religion to the North Korean regime where God is considered similar to the North Korean ruler, Blair stated that he did not consider the leader of North Korea to be a religious icon. Blair seems to have conceded some ground to Hitchens’ argument by stating that it was undoubtedly true that there were people who had throughout history committed horrendous acts in the name of religion. Blair goes on to quickly state that while this might be the case, it is also true that some religious people also do good things, providing the example of how Christians and progressive secularists worked hand in hand to ensure the abolition of slavery (CSPANJUNKIEd0Torg). Blair questions whether Hitchens is after a world that it without religions, going further to provide examples from the twentieth century who had no religion. He gives the example of Hitler, Stalin, and Pol Pot, who committed great atrocities against their people because of the fact that they did not have religion, hence lacked a conscience. Blair goes on to state that if religion is gotten rid of then â€Å"you're not going to get rid of fascism, and you're not going to get rid of wrong in the world." It is Blair’s belief that the lack of religion in the world would be disastrous because it would be a source of unspeakable evil that might lead to atrocities. Hitchens on the other hand, feels that religion is an oppressive force which should not be allowed to continue because to do so would be to destroy the freedoms which are the natural right of all hu man beings (CSPANJUNKIEd0Torg). Throughout the debate, one would state that Hitchens had the sympathy of most of the audience and this may have been as a result of his terminal condition. Blair, on the other hand, seems to have been less forceful with his argument, perhaps because of his sympathy for his rival’s condition. While this may have been

Japanese Music Essay Example for Free

Japanese Music Essay The Japanese culture was widely affected and highly related to its nearby nations like China and Korea. As such, it is a logical for us to look at the Japanese music as a collaboration of the different music from the other Asian nations. The flourishing of the Japanese music can be seen as they have adapted their personal styles to the influences that surround them. Their music has its origin in poetry and songs, although there have been misleading artifacts about the distinction of the two. The confusion started with the acknowledgement that indeed, the Japanese word â€Å"uta† can both be understood as to mean poetry or songs. The evidence and remains of the ancients’ music of Japan can be reflected on the songs in Kojiki that was recorded as traditional songs in the imperial court. The ancient Japanese music was also preserve in legends, rituals and prose specifically in an ancient story of Genji Monogatari. This story was composed of poetic dialogues about a lover in the imperial court. The presentation of this in a play was interpreted through Gagaku dances, accompanied mostly by flutes and the famous string instrument, â€Å"koto†. The Gagaku dances and music have been very famous in courts. Its music is composed of wind and string instruments that go together with drums and gongs. It also go along with sho,(a harmonica like instrument) and â€Å"nasal hichiriki† which is the reason why it posses a different sound. The Gagaku is further divided in to two categories, the To-gaku and the Rimpa-gaku. These two differs from the culture in which it belongs. In such manner those that came mainly under the influence of China was called To-gaku while those that came from Vietnam were rendered as Rimpa-gaku. Due to the advent of imported music that was a by-product of the trade industry. It is but inevitable for the native people to become awe with the new kind of music that they have been listening and so, they tend to imitate their ways of thinking. Japanese Music in the Face of Modern Influences The reproduction of this music produces an inclination to the instrumental music. However even though there had been an emerging culture of Americanization, still there are many Japanese mode of music that remained the same. Kagura, for instance, or what was commonly known to be â€Å"Mi-Kagura† which was preserved by some of the people in the imperial court. Fuzoku in relation to the folk songs that was numerous in the provinces. Also with Azuma-Asobi, this is also a type of folk song that was predominant on the eastern part of the country. Saibara was also believed to be composed of traces of folk songs as well. Since all of these music where sung in courts, it is incorporated with Gagaku music. A Brief Introduction on Jo-Ha-Kyu tradition According to the Japanese culture, the â€Å"Jo-Ha-kyo† music can be traced to have influences of the Gagaku traditions. The term was generally referred to the way the music and the dances were done in the play, â€Å"Jo† was associated with being slow and more peaceful, it is the primary or the introductory part. â€Å"Ha† was the start of the conflict , it is not slow but more of a moderate version, it is associated with the journey. While lastly, â€Å"Kyu† was regarded as the final or the ultimate. Thus, the form â€Å"Jo-Ha-Kyu is actually a way of presenting ideas and capturing the minds of the readers. Buddhist Chants and Other Influences Another trend of music came to Japan on the time of Nara and Heian periods. This was comprised of Buddhist Chants, which is performed by narrating a certain sutra with the addition of rhythmical melodies. Accordingly, there are three known styles that were used in accordance to the language used by the countries who have participated or who are the founding authors of the Chants. The style which uses the â€Å"Sankrit† language was called â€Å"Bonsan†. Chinese speakers were called â€Å"Kansan† while plain Japanese were called â€Å"Wasan†. During the late Heian period, there had been another popular music trend which is now called as â€Å"Imayo† There is also the development of Heike Biwa or Heikyuko which is according to some, is the narrative music played by the blind priest-thus they were now called as Blind Prince. Another form of dance and music was the Noh, which is a classical Japanese drama that was either a Dengaku Noh or Sarugaku Noh. Dengaku Noh are those which portrays rituals and traditions that is done in the rice-fields. Sarugaku, on the other hand was more focus on acrobatic performances.

Impact of Brexit and Trump on International Marketing

Impact of Brexit and Trump on International Marketing â€Å"In light of the Brexit and other political events in 2016, discuss the possible implications for companies international marketing strategies.† Introduction The world as we know it, is changing. In light of the previous years, humanity has witnessed severe changes in the political arena around the world. The election of Donald Trump as the 45th president of the United States (U.S), the referendum in the United Kingdom (U.K), the failed Coup in Turkey, the breakup of the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Rise of the Far-Right in Europe are just some of the major political events that will change and reform the world dramatically imposing changes in businesses international marketing strategies (Foster, 2016; Lindsay, 2016). Amendments in the political scene trigger changes in all aspects of everyday life, with the impact of these alterations depicted in economy, business, society and even in climate. In this paper, an analysis will be conducted to examine the relation between marketing strategy and politics and how they affect the international marketing strategy in terms of standardization or adaption, along with possible alterations in the marketing mix. Furthermore, an attempt will be made to discuss the possible impact that important political events, such as Donald Trump’s presidency and Brexit, had on companies’ strategies. Relations between political environment and businesses In recent decades, the world has observed the globalisation and democratization of markets, a phenomenon that enabled companies to transcend borders and entry international markets (Czinkota, 2016). As Theodosiou and Leonidou (2002) claimed, the globalisation and democratization of international business scene is related moderately to the liberation of trading, which has changed the way companies and marketers design and implement their international strategies. Reduced domestic growth and excessive domestic competition are further reasons for firms moving into foreign markets (Kotler et al., 1996). As companies gain more knowledge and experience in international operation, they progress through stages of internationalization following the Upsala Internationalization Model (Keill0r, Boller & Luke, 1998). In other words, companies had to assess if they will comply with a standardization approach or adapt their strategies in cross-border countries. The former approach was led by: the similarities of countries due to the globalization of markets, the update and expansion of international communication channels and the birth of Internet, while the latter underlined that companies should acknowledge and adapt to the variations amongst different countries (Theodosiou & Leonidou, 2002). Kottler et al. (2011) claim that businesses’ decisions on which market they will enter, and by what means, are based on the evaluation and ranking of several factors. One of them is the risk of the political power that each country and government has. According to Ghauri & Cateora (2014), the importance of the political power over companies can be understood by the recognized authority that each government has, to control and restrict companies’ operations, by either offering support and encouragement or by implementing restrictions in the mode of expropriation, import restrictions (to protect their own industries), confiscation, domestication, price controls etc. It is then clearly understood, that the political environment places power on businesses and plays a great role in international companies’ operations and margin.    Indeed, ‘the ideal political conditions for a foreign firm is a stable and friendly government’ (Ghauri & Cateora, 2014: p.91). Both political climate and continuity of the set of rules established in a country are essential elements of the cultivation of good relations between companies and governments in a mutual beneficial and prosperous way. As Agawal & Feils (2007) suggest, ‘Political risk is highly relevant factor during the pre-entry and post-entry stages of the â€Å"process† model of internationalization.’ (p.166). Therefore, it is ideal for multinational companies to rely on stability to, sustainably, expand and invest. As mentioned, political changes have a great impact on the company’s decisions and marketing strategies. In fact, changes in the political scene have reflections into more factors than just trading policies. When a new government introduces import restrictions and trade tariffs, it affects the prices of goods, since companies trade expenses are increasing (Mor, 2017). In addition, additional border checks make the transport and distribution of commodities slower and more expensive. However, the introduction of tariffs is followed by a variety of non-tariff technical barriers, such as different product standards in labelling, packaging and safety (Mor, 2017). Combining all these together, it is obvious that not only are all four P’s in the marketing mix affected, but also the strategy which is designed by the marketers (Baines, Fill & Rosengren, 2017). Furthermore, apart from the impact to the global economy, political changes affect currency power. To be more precise, changes in governments which influence stock markets and trade, affect the value of the currency (Samson, Wigglesworth & Bullock, 2017), since its depreciation causes the equilibrium in trade to collapse (Melvin & Sultan,1990). Indeed, the value of each country’s currency affects the exchange rates followed by changes in import and export expenses, effecting the company’s competitiveness in foreign markets (Cox, Chu & Rodionova, 2017). Nevertheless, companies, in order to minimize the impact of the political uncertainty and risk, will reassess and readjust a great part of their international marketing strategy, which is thus how they enter the markets, choosing a safer path than the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Indeed, ‘the higher the degree of country risk, the greater the probability is that exporting (contractual agreement) rather than FDI as a market entry strategy will occur at the early (late) standardization phase.’ (Malhotra, Agarwal & Ulgado, 2003: p.19). In other words, FDI implies a ‘higher level of commitment’ (Keillor, Boller & Luke, 1998: p.2). Impact of political events in international marketing strategies Donald Trump Presidency One of the events that altered modern history is the election of Donald Trump as the 45th president of the U.S. Donald Trump promised a series of political changes with effects extending to businesses and trade, such as reducing corporate taxes by 20%, investments in infrastructure, cutting the trade deficit to enhance job creation within the U.S and the creation of a ‘border tax’ for the companies that trade commodities outside the U.S to the U.S (BBC News, 2017). Trump’s aggressive political strategy, his order to withdraw the U.S from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, failure to effectively renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement, and establish fair trading relations with China, has reformed America’s marketing climate. International marketing will experience a great hit, since Trump’s strategy is basically introverted. Trump’s policy leans toward domestically-orientated companies which are expected to succeed in favour of higher economic growth and protectionist trade policies (Samson, Wigglesworth & Bullock, 2017). Trade between the U.S and international companies will be affected since trade restrictions will be imposed and renegotiations will change the way commodities are distributed inside and outside the U.S. Asia and Latin America will be affected the most, while tariffs could jeopardise the exporting of their goods to the U.S. Indeed, according to FXCM (2017), imposed tariffs in imports will pressure multinational companies to relocate production facilities and readjust the distribution channels. China will face the biggest threat since the U.S is the largest market for Chinese commodities; receiving 18% of China’s exports. There are winners and losers of Trump’s policies. In accordance to Milne (2016), pharmaceuticals such as Pfizez, oil & gas companies like Continental Resources are among the sectors that will benefit from Trump’s strategies based on his campaign. However, U.S carmakers who place their production outside the U.S such as GM, Cadillac, Ford and Japanese carmakers, are expected to be affected by the pricing strategies to foreign exchange rates. Furthermore, retailers and consumers will have a significant impact, since his policies will affect their expenses, trade agreement and supply chain; ‘could destroy the cross-border trade between the U.S and Mexico in high fructose corn syrup’ (Milne, 2016). To conclude, by imposing taxes and tariffs, standardization becomes adaption in the biggest world market and the domestically-oriented strategy affect the way marketers place and promote products in this market, insinuating changes in the marketing mix. Moreover, the U.S will affect the marketing strategy of international companies towards this market and they will put pressure to the potential entry of new companies. FDI is now a risk. By implementing new regulations and trades agreements international companies will observe a rise in their distribution expenses towards the U.S, affecting their margin. In order for these companies to survive in this market, they will have to increase prices which will pose a reduction to the consumption of their products, since natives will be attracted by domestic substitutes with lower prices, resulting in a possible loss of their competitive advantage (Milne, 2016). However, in order to maintain or minimize their profit decline, companies will ei ther try to negotiate with the U.S on their trading terms or in the worst-case scenario, costly relocate their activities and abandon this market. Brexit Within the scope of the biggest and most important referendum of modern history, British people voted for the U.K to leave the E.U, in an act that reflects that British people are not keen on accepting the migration tendency and people’s diversity (Czinkota, 2016). According to the same author, Brexit carries the burden of a future conflict within not only the E.U but also between the U.S, weakening their relationships. The importance of Britain’s businesses is reduced, while the British pound has reached its lowest level in the last 31 years (Market Inspector, 2017). As Brexit happened, the country fell into political uncertainty and turbulence. Financial Times (2016) proclaim that Britain is not ready to absorb the consequences of Brexit since the scene is still unclear. In the light of this uncertainty though, not only the U.K’s economy, but also businesses domestically and internationally are affected (Watts, 2017). The impact is great since, in accordance to Market Inspector (2017), exports will be affected if they leave the E.U without negotiating a new trade agreement-imposing tariffs-, resulting in a potential loss of U.K businesses’ competitive power in the E.U and global markets. Furthermore, the loss of access into the Single Market and higher trade tariffs will decrease the FDI flow in the U.K by 22%, a figure which may not be realistic due to the uncertainty of the future trading relations (Market Inspector, 2017). Based on Bowler (2017), the fall of the pound benefited the exporting activity, but it also made travel into international destinations less affordable for the British public, but more affordable for the inbound tourists. However, the worst impact of the pound’s decline was observed in terms of import expenses; a major factor in the U.K’s car industry and in the food and drinks sector (Cox, Chu & Rodionova, 2017). In addition to the general norm of Brexit, some companies already witnessed Brexit’s consequences and took premeasures in order to prepare for the upcoming changes, as depicted in the table below: Figure 1 : Companies Statements of Action in light of Brexit. (Source: Market Inspector, 2017) However, as suggested in Market Inspector (2017), despite the loss of negotiation power within the E.U, the U.K will possibly acquire more control over negotiation with countries outside the E.U, which will allow a fresh start for business deals with countries all over the world, exploring trades with China in a greater extent. By negotiating freely with other countries on its own terms, Britain can capitalize on new trading deals which will benefit international markets. The report produced by Irwin (2015) claims that Brexit exposed several countries in different magnitudes such as the Netherlands, Ireland, and Germany, due to their alignment with the U.K trading policies, while ‘export, supply chain, investment and policy interests of many large corporates would be adversely affected’ (p.39). Similarly to the situation in the U.S, international companies which operated using the U.K as their base or were relying on the U.K’s business economy and economic importance, now face threats and have to be proactive for the future. This implies that marketers should now adjust their strategies to be relevant to the future agreement that the U.K will have with Europe and the world in general. Adaptation is gaining ground since Britain’s referendum was a clear sign of a form of xenophobia and introversion (Czinkota, 2016). Since new trade deals will be imposed and new non-tariff technical agreements will be made (Mor, 2017), product’s place, promotion and price will change, consequently marketers have to readjust not only the new elements of the marketing mix to be effective and competitive, but also the way they enter the market, by reassessing exporting and the advantages of FDI. Conclusion To conclude, an analysis of the relation between politics and international marketing was conducted. Radical changes in the political scene can occur in the most stable governments and are translated in changes in the business world. Tariffs, taxes, boarder checks, non-tariff technical barriers and exchange rates imposed by the new governments according to their campaigns and beliefs, reflect in a business’s international marketing strategy, as the liberation of the markets is now being narrowed and limited. Adaption is gaining power over standardization and companies re-evaluate their strategies under the light of the political changes and the risk within them. The scene in the U.S and U.K is still uncertain, and this feeling is not welcomed by international companies which hunt markets with balance and stability in their internal and external policies, affecting the way and the means which a business chooses to operate within or with them. As the future is unclear, and sever al agreements are in stake, the world in on the edge of major changes in two of the biggest and most important markets. References: Agarwal J.  and  Feils D. (2007) Political risk and the internationalization of firms: An empirical study of Canadian-based export and FDI firms.  Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de lAdministration  24:3, 165-181. Baines, P., Fill, C. and Rosengren, S. (2017). Marketing. 4rth Edition, Oxford Press, ISBN:9780198748533, pp.1-135 BBC News. (2017).  Where Trump stands on key issues. [online] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/election-us-2016-37468751 [Accessed 10 Nov. 2017]. Bowler, T. (2017).  How has the economy fared since the Brexit vote? [online] BBC News. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-36956418 [Accessed 11 Nov. 2017]. Cox, J., Chu, B. and Rodionova, Z. (2017).  Cost of Brexit: The impact on business and the economy so far.   [online] The Independent. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/brexit-economy-sterling-currency-investment-cost-impact-business-financial-banks-insurance-retail-a7695486.html [Accessed 12 Nov. 2017]. Czinkota, M. (2016).  How Marketers Can Ease Brexit and Other Isolationist Transitions. [online] American   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marketing Association. Available at: https://www.ama.org/publications/MarketingNews/Pages/how-marketers-ease-brexit-isolationist-transitions.aspx [Accessed 10 Nov. 2017]. Financial Times. (2016).  Uncertainty will shape the UK economy in 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/fa8715c4-c843-11e6-9043-7e34c07b46ef [Accessed 11 Nov. 2017]. Foster, P. (2016).  2016 in review: World events that changed history. [online] The Telegraph. Available at: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/12/31/2016-review-world-events-changed-history/ [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. FXCM (2017).  How Will President Trumps Policies Affect Trade And Economics? FXCM. [online] FXCM Insights. Available at: https://www.fxcm.com/insights/how-will-president-trumps-policies-affect-trade-and-economics/ [Accessed 10 Nov. 2017]. Ghauri, P. and Cateora, P. (2014). International marketing. 4th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Education, pp.3-284. Irwin, G. (2015).  BREXIT: the impact on the UK and the EU. [online] Global Counsel. Available at: https://www.global-counsel.co.uk/sites/default/files/special-reports/downloads/Global%20Counsel_Impact_of_Brexit.pdf [Accessed 11 Nov. 2017]. Keillor, B, Boller, G, & Luke, R 1998, Firm-Level Political Behavior and Level of Foreign Market Involvement: Implications for International Marketing Strategy, Journal of Marketing Management (10711988), 8, 1, pp. 1-11, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 November 2017. Kotler, P, Armstrong, G, Saunders, J, & Wong, V 1996, Principles Of Marketing, n.p.: London : Prentice Hall, 1996., SAULCAT, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 November 2017. Kotler, P, Armstrong, G, & Parment, A. (2011)  Principles Of Marketing. [Electronic Book], n.p.: Harlow, England: Pearson, 2011., SAULCAT, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 November 2017. Lindsay, J. (2016).  The 10 Most Significant World Events in 2016. [online] The Atlantic. Available at: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/12/ten-most-significant-world-events-in-2016/511079/ [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Theodosiou M., Leonidou C. (2003). Standardization versus adaptation of international marketing strategy: an integrative assessment of the empirical research In International Business Review, Volume 12, Issue 2, Pages 141-171, ISSN 0969-5931, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-5931(02)00094-X. Market Inspector. (2017).  Impact of Brexit on Businesses in the UK | Market-Inspector. [online] Available at: https://www.market-inspector.co.uk/blog/2016/10/impact-of-brexit-on-businesses-in-the-uk [Accessed 11 Nov. 2017]. Martin, W. (2017).  BARCLAYS: These 66 key events will shape European politics and economics in 2017. [online] Business Insider. Available at: http://uk.businessinsider.com/key-events-that-will-shape-european-politics-and-economics-in-2017-2017-1 [Accessed 9 Nov. 2017]. Melvin, M, & Sultan, J. (1990). The Choice of an Invoicing Currency in International Trade and the Balance of Trade Impact of Currency Depreciation. Open economies review 1, no. 3, (accessed November 12, 2017). Milne, R. (2016).  Trump victory: corporate winners and losers. [online] Ft.com. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/8de13154-a677-11e6-8898-79a99e2a4de6 [Accessed 11 Nov. 2017]. Mor, F. (2017).  Importance of trade with the EU for UK industries: Number 8065. [ebook] British Parliament. Available at: http://researchbriefings.parliament.uk/ResearchBriefing/Summary/CBP-8065#fullreport [Accessed 12 Nov. 2017]. Malhotra K. N., Agarwal J., Ulgado M. F. (2003) Internationalization and Entry Modes: A Multitheoretical Framework and Research Propositions. Journal of International Marketing: Winter 2003, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1509/jimk.11.4.1.20144 Perry, B. (2017).  Evaluating Country Risk for International Investing. [online] Investopedia. Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/stocks/08/country-risk-for-international-investing.asp [Accessed 10 Nov. 2017]. Samson, A., Wigglesworth, R. and Bullock, N. (2017).  Trump’s unexpected impact on markets in seven charts. [online] Ft.com. Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/401d0d88-de64-11e6-9d7c-be108f1c1dce [Accessed 10 Nov. 2017]. Watts, J. (2017).  Mark Carney just warned Brexit is already dragging down your wage. [online] The Independent. Available at: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-uncertainty-mark-carney-uk-eu-economy-future-wages-eu-single-market-customs-union-bank-a7874956.html [Accessed 11 Nov. 2017].

Free College Essays - Self-Revelation in Their Eyes Were Watching God :: free essay writer

Their Eyes Were Watching God   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Self-Revelation    Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston, is a novel about one woman’s self-revelation. It began when this woman was a very young girl. At first she was being pushed, then she was being chosen, and finally, she was able to choose. Born a victim of circumstance, Janie, the main character, was subject to her position in life. She was raised to uphold the standards of the early African-American generation. From the beginning, she was taught to be passive and subject to whatever life gave her. As she grew older, she began to realize that she must give in to her desires and not suppress them. Janie was set up for her journey of self-discovery by her grandmother. Nanny set a goal for Janie’s life by saying, â€Å"Ah wanted you to look upon yo’ self. Ah don’t want yo’ feathers always crumpled by folks throwin’ up things in yo’ face.† ***SITE THIS?*** Janie’s grandmother pushed Janie into a marriage, which she considered a â€Å"safe† place for Janie. Though hesitant, Janie agreed to marry Logan Killicks. He was a farmer who married Janie shortly after she completed school. Killicks   was the first antagonist that Janie encountered in the story. He was there for one purpose, to destroy Janie’s new sense of self-awarenes. Logan demanded things of Janie that she did not wish to do and tried to push her into his mold of a perfect wife. Janie did not love Logan, nor did he love her. She did not   know what she wanted, but she was sure   that she did not want Logan Killicks. Joe Starks appeared in Janie’s yard one afternoon. He said the sweet things that Janie wanted to hear. Though Janie hardly knew the man, being young and gullible, she was taken by his words. She took another step in her journey, leaving Logan the next day and travelling to Eatonville with Joe Starks. Aspiring to be the mayor of Eatonville, Joe Starks was a man concerned with little except power. He wanted it, and he was going to use Janie to get it. She wore nice dresses during this marriage because Joe wanted her to stand out from the rest of the town. He used her as an icon of his prosperity and power. He was cruel to Janie and stomped out all of her free will.

Genetics 301 Sample Final Examination

Genetics 301 Sample Final Examination Spring 2003 50 Multiple Choice Questions (Choose the best answer) 1. A cross between two true breeding lines one with dark blue flowers and one with bright white flowers produces F1 offspring that are light blue. When the F1 progeny are selfed a 1:2:1 ratio of dark blue to light blue to white flowers is observed. What genetic phenomenon is consistent with these results? a. epistasis b. incomplete dominance c. codominance d. inbreeding depression e. random mating 2. Mutations which occur in body cells which do not go on to form gametes can be classified as: a. auxotrophic mutations b. somatic mutations c. morphological mutations d. oncogenes e. temperature sensitive mutations 3. What would be the frequency of AABBCC individuals from a mating of two AaBbCc individuals? a.. 1/64 b. 1/32 c. 1/16 d. 1/8 e. 3/16 f. 1/4 4. The stage of meiosis in which chromosomes pair and cross over is: a. prophase I b. metaphase I c. prophase II d. metaphase II e. anaphase II2 5. Polyploidy refers to: a. extra copies of a gene adjacent to each other on a chromosome b. an individual with complete extra sets of chromosomes c. a chromosome which has replicated but not divided d. multiple ribosomes present on a single mRNA e. an inversion which does not include the centromere 6. A gene showing codominance- a. has both alleles independently expressed in the heterozygote b. has one allele dominant to the other c. has alleles tightly linked on the same chromosome d. has alleles expressed at the same time in development e. has alleles that are recessive to each other 7. The phenomenon of â€Å"independent assortment† refers to: a. expression at the same stage of development b. unlinked transmission of genes in crosses resulting from being located on different chromsomes, or far apart on the same chromosome. c. association of an RNA and a protein implying related function d. independent location of genes from each other in an interphase cell e. association of a protein and a DNA sequence implying related function 8. Mendel's law of segregation, as applied to the behavior of chromosomes in meiosis, means that: a. pairing of homologs will convert one allele into the other, leading to separation of the types. b. alleles of a gene separate from each other when homologs separate in meiosis I, or in meiosis II if there is a single crossover between the gene and the centromere. c. genes on the same chromosome will show 50% recombination d. alleles of a gene will be linked and passed on together through meiosis 9. Which component of transcribed RNA in eukaryotes is present in the initial transcript but is removed before translation occurs: a. Intron b. 3†² Poly A tail c. Ribosome binding site d. 5†² cap e. codons coding for the protein to be produced3 10. Choose the correct statement about the genetic code. a. includes 61 codons for amino acids and 3 stop codons b. almost universal; exactly the same in most genetic systems c. three bases per codon d. some amino acids are coded by multiple codons e. all of the above 11. X-chromosome inactivation a. normally takes place in males but not females b. is the cause of the Y chromosome being genetically inactive c. takes place in humans so that the same X chromosome is inactive in all of the cells of a female d. occurs in fruit flies but not in mammals e. results in genetically turning off one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals 12. DNA ligase is: a. an enzyme that joins fragments in normal DNA replication b. an enzyme involved in protein synthesis c. an enzyme of bacterial origin which cuts DNA at defined base sequences d. an enzyme that facilitates transcription of specific genes e. an enzyme which limits the level to which a particular nutrient reaches 13. An Hfr strain of E. coli contains: a. a vector of yeast or bacterial origin which is used to make many copies of a particular DNA sequence b. a bacterial chromosome with a human gene inserted c. a bacterial chromosome with the F factor inserted d. a human chromosome with a transposable element inserted e. a bacterial chromosome with a phage inserted4 14. An experiment was conducted in E. coli to map the following genes (pro, his, bio, met, phe and trp) on a circular map using 3 different Hfr strains. Strain 1 Order of transfer (early to late): trp met his pro Strain 2 Order of transfer (early to late): his met trp bio Strain 3 Order of transfer (early to late): pro phe bio trp Based on the results what is the most likely map? a. b. c. d. 15. Generation of antibody diversity in vertebrate animals takes place through: a. the presence of as many genes in the germ line as there are types of antibodies possible. b. infection with bacteria carrying antibody genes c. infection with viruses carrying antibody genes d. polyploidy in antibody-forming cells e. rearrangement of DNA in tissues that go on to produce antibodies 16. Replication of DNA: a. takes place in a â€Å"conservative† manner b. takes place in a â€Å"dispersive† manner c. takes place in a â€Å"semi-conservative† manner d. usually involves one origin of replication per chromosome in eukaryotes e. takes place only in the 3†² to 5†² direction trp pro his phe met bio trp pro bio met phe his phe met bio pro trp his trp pro met bio phe his5 17. A duplication is: a. an exchange between non-homologous chromosomes, resulting in chromosomes with new genes adjacent to each other. b. loss of genes in part of a chromosome c. an extra copy of the genes on part of a chromosome d. a reversal of order of genes on a chromosome e. an extra set of chromosomes in an organism 18. What is the co-transduction frequency for the A and B genes, from the following dataset? (Assume that there has been selection for the A+ form of the A gene). Genotype Number A+B+ C+ 10 A+B+ C- 30 A+ B- C+ 20 A+ B- C- 40 a. .10 b. .20 c. .30 d. .40 e. .50 19. A mutation in a codon leads to the substitution of one amino acid with another. What is the name for this type of mutation? a. nonsense mutation b. missense mutation c. frameshift mutation d. promoter muttion e. operator mutation 20. Mapping of human chromosomes: a. has been restricted to the sex chromosomes because of small family sizes b. proceeded much more successfully as large numbers of DNA markers became available. c. has determined that the number of linkage groups is about twice the number of chromosomes d. has demonstrated that almost all of the DNA is involved in coding for genes e. has shown that there are more genes on the Y than on the X chromosome6

How Does Literature Affect the Society

There are many kinds of incurable diseases which yet medical scientists with improved instruments and medicine haven’t been able to find any treatment for them and finally it results to the death of the affected person or animal HIV can be one of those diseases that right now in the world with about seven milliard population a numerous number of people are waiting to welcome death because of this fatal disease Scientists believe HIV came from a particular kind of chimpanzee in Western Africa. Humans probably came in contact with HIV when they hunted and ate infected animals. Recent studies indicate that HIV may have jumped from monkeys to humans as far back as the late 1800s. Human Immunodeficiency Virus is a lot like other viruses, including those that cause the â€Å"flu† or the common cold. But there is an important difference – over time, your immune system can clear most viruses out of your body. That isn't the case with HIV – the human immune system can't seem to get rid of it. Scientists are still trying to figure out why. We know that HIV can hide for long periods of time in the cells of your body and that it attacks a key part of your immune system – your T-cells or CD4 cells. Your body has to have these cells to fight infections and disease, but HIV invades them, uses them to make more copies of itself, and then destroys them. Over time, HIV can destroy so many of your CD4 cells that your body can't fight infections and diseases anymore In conclusion it can be said that HIV is the most incurable and fatal disease that can take the lives of millions every year

School Find Ways to Save Money

Carlson (2009) wrote an article, â€Å"Conservation helps schools spend on students, not energy†, that clearly defines the benefits of energy conservation in reducing school districts’ utility cost while saving a huge amount of taxpayer’s money. With the recommendation and help from the consulting firm, Energy Education, Inc. a program was created to monitor the usage of utilities and to implement proper ways of conserving electricity, gas and water. Oxnard School District, Las Virgenes Unified School District as well as the school districts in Ventura County have taken a bold step in hiring energy educators and managers. The risk that these school districts have taken proved to be a worthwhile endeavor as the savings generated from limiting energy use was rerouted towards the improvement of classrooms and educational services. The success of the energy conservation program in a limited number of districts is a wake up call to the rest of the school districts nationwide as current economic crisis and high cost of gasoline will have an impact on the school budget. In addition, a similar scheme may be applied to household and business establishments as the cost of utilities is a major concern of entrepreneurs and family members. The article shows that there are practical solutions in reducing operating expenses without sacrificing school districts’ budget that may be intended for classroom purposes, teacher’s salaries, in-service trainings and other educational programs. The solution often lies in the administrator’s willingness to keep an open mind, to take a concerted risk and to accept a new concept. The reluctance in changing a behavior that can make a difference may impede the growth of a sector that relies heavily on taxpayer’s money to meet the budgetary requirements of a system that is responsible for building a solid future for students who will be in charge of shaping the growth of our nation. Reference Carlson, C. (2009). â€Å"Conservation helps schools spend on students, not energy†.   Retrieved April 2, 2009 from http://www.venturacountystar.com/news/2009/feb/08/nb1FCenergy08/

Colonialism in Southeast Asia and the Austral and Pacific Realms Essay

Colonialism in Southeast Asia and the Austral and Pacific Realms - Essay Example However, though the Philippines became subjected to another power, they still maintained some of their native belief systems. Colonization of the Philippine realm was due to its potential in commercial success with other countries. During the 18th century, the Spanish population was significantly less but soon the population started expanding. Intermarriage of the Spanish and the Philippines led to the growth of a very strong community that became the most powerful politically and economically (McCoy, 2001). A consequent growth of the Spanish community in Philippine later took over the Philippine realm. Spanish colonization of the Philippine realm did not face confrontation by indigenous states supported by aristocracies, bureaucracies, or religious organization contrast to other European colonizers elsewhere in Southeast Asia. In addition, the Spanish rule over the Philippines defined the modern state of the Philippines in matters concerning the social, religious, and ideological underpinnings. The Spanish rule over the Philippines had less impact to them economically. However, there was a considerable impact on the people politically and religiously. To have full control of the Philippine realm, the Spaniards gradually abolished hereditary nobility and dignity, limited power to Philippine chiefs, encouraged slavery and subsequently secured themselves high aristocratic positions in the state. Since Philippine had a history of economical flourish, the Spaniards took this as an opportunity to excel, expand, and uplift their country’s economic status (Lockard, 2006). They used water to transport silver, gold, and other materials of exchange to Europe where it graced the lives of the European elite. Philippine consequently turned to a regional trading area in Southeast Asia. The key reason that enabled the Spaniards to colonize Philippine was the close relationship the state had with the church. Spain being a Christian realm wanted to convert

Regulating Prostitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Regulating Prostitution - Essay Example Stakeholders in Prostitution Prostitution in simple terms involves the sale of sex by an individual for commercial purposes (Bovard para 8). Prostitutes mainly depend on the sale of sex for their daily provisions. Their clients on the other hand provide the sex workers with cash as they pay for the services that they enjoy in the process. Yet another stakeholder in the prostitution circle is the prostitutes’ family members and the families of their clients. The government comes in the scene mainly as a regulator in the event that the activity is legal. Arguments against the Regulation of Prostitution Although prostitution has been legalized in some countries such as Netherlands, England and Scotland, there have been problems in creating new laws and keeping up with the regulations that pertain to its operations (Tigtog para 2). The laws or measures have proved to be a challenge to both the government and the individuals engaged in the activity. Following the inability of the g overnments to regulate the act properly, questions have been raised as to whether it should be regulated (Munro and Giusta 15). Many quarters have argued for the legalization and regulation of prostitution based on the premise that the trade is more like other professions and deserves a fair share of respect, respect and dignity. Its regulation therefore would ensure that prostitutes and all stakeholders in the industry somehow benefit, the government included through taxes. However, this argument goes beyond moral argument as professed by various religious beliefs. Most faiths believe that prostitution in any sense is immoral and therefore should neither be legalized or regulated. Also, in as much as prostitution is legal in some countries, there are still those who work under the table so that they do not lose money through taxation (Munro and Giusta 20). Therefore, it is certain that legalizing and regulating prostitution will not bring as much economic benefits as many may think . Yet another argument for the regulation of prostitution is with respect to health. It is argued by some quarters that when regulated, the chances of reducing the spread of sexually transmitted diseases including AIDS will be reduced. However, this may never be the case since in many jurisdictions cases of sexually transmitted diseases have continued to rise in spite of regulation. Furthermore, the idea that there will be a health clinic that would ensure that the safety and optimal health of legal prostitutes is protected or maintained may not be achievable and reliable (Munro and Giusta 24). It takes about six months for STDs to show on upon screening an infected person. Beyond doubt, very few prostitutes, if any, will lie low for six months after every screening before serving another client to make quick money. The main aim of prostitution is to make more money and if the government regulates its operations then the amount of money made by each prostitute would reduce as the pr ostitutes will have to pay taxes. With reduced earnings, the prostitutes will therefore engage themselves in other illegal activities such as drug abuse and violence hence increasing the rate of crime in a given country or community. Furthermore, the idea that diseases may not be spread if prostitution is regulated is not assured. In case prostitution was to be legalized and regulated, there would be a greater demand for prostitutes