High School Students on the Job Essay

High school is an important time in life; students in high school have a lot of responsibilities. Students are beginning to drive and getting into trouble. High school students that have entered the work force have less of a chance to get in trouble. Working students also have an advantage over their peers that haven’t worked. They learn money management, social skills, and responsibility. Money management is a very important part of life. Usually once high school students start working they begin to learn the importance of money and how to spend it. Saving money is one very important life lesson that high school students can learn once they start working. Saving money can help the students save up for their future, helping with bills and possibly buying their own car. Owning a car comes with expenses oil changes, unfortunate accident, tires, gas, etc. To pay for these expenses there has to be money. There also comes a time when parents may need a little help. While working, students can help their parents with a bit of money every month. Having all of these expenses students will have to learn how to manage their money so they have some left over for themselves. Next, if high school students have a job, they learn about social skills. The most important thing is treating people politely. Thus, they need to get a better communication such as talking to each other and listening very carefully. When high school students are on the job, they have to speak correctly and courteously so their customers could get the correct information. Also they have to listen very carefully. They should know what the customers are asking. In addition, they could learn about physical demeanor. At the work place, they have to keep a friendly smile and then keep a good posture by keeping themselves upright. Further, working students can learn to take responsibilities. Time management and appearance are two important responsibilities. First, working students have to get to work on time. Also, they should manage and make balance between school, work, sleep, home, family and friends. Second, many work places have special uniforms that represents them in what position they  work. They need their workers to put these specific dresses on. Working students take this responsibility too. Students have to take care of their hygiene to go into work, which includes keeping their hair clean, shaving, cutting nails, and keeping a clean scent. Money management, social skills, and responsibility are skills that are need in life to succeed. High school students that begin working learn these skills earlier than those students that don’t. Before students become adults, they need to develop money management, social skills, and sense of responsibility, so they have been preparing to adjust themsel ves to society. Therefore, I recommend teenagers work while attending high school.

Computers Should Replace Teachers Essay

Computers should replace teachers by: Raveeroj Period: 1 Length: 3 minutes Exact purpose: to convince the audience that computers should replace teachers. Imagine a world where every education is taught by computers, electronic devices, robots, and my other things. How perfect would education be? The quality of education would be at the highest and it would be equalized for all the students. The best education for a student is the 1 by 1 by changing teachers to computers we would achieve that. The decision lies on you whether or not to improve the child education in the future. I have been tutored and taught in the class, I have noticed a lot of differences- you understand more from the things we have been taught . Computers can makes lessons interesting. Computers can be developed by the best teachers that had the experience in making the class more interesting; when the students are having interest they are learning more from the subject they have been learning. When the students are having interest in class they will be smarter and strive to find information based on the subject. We just make the students expert in the section. When we learn more from one class it saves time. Saving time from classes will make you graduate faster. Wouldn’t you like to graduate faster and spend fewer years in torture? Graduating fast would help find jobs and find experience from the jobs, then get a lot of money. Saving time could be achieved by the going forward without the dumber ones weighing you down like in the class which the teachers need to make the dumber ones understand then go forward. Learning becomes fun. Learning for me could be a pain in the ass, with the boring teachers, with their lame speeches could just make you fall asleep, when you fall asleep they deduct your points simple as that. When learning becomes fun the students started wanting to go to school and experience the fun things with the computers, be fascinated by the creativity of the lessons presented to us. When we are in a good mood the learning can be absorbed more than when we are in a bad mood. Computers can provide a huge amount of knowledge and make teaching methods become better. Whether or not should agree with me in improving your child’s future the decision lies in you. Thank you for listening and I hope you enjoy it

Reflection paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection paper 2 - Essay Example According to Marx, the proletariat represents the real revolutionary body free of conservatism, which developed and led to an open revolution, which withdrew the bourgeoisie. Marx asserts that the bourgeoisie attributed to the modern industry development produces its own destroyers and this leads to the inevitable success of the proletariat (Karl and Engels, 34). In relation to the communist manifesto, Marx asserts that the association between the proletariats’ labour and the bourgeoisie’s property ownership should be changed such that the right to own property can be transformed into another level of social class whose class character is eliminated. This implies that the communist policy requires that the labour will only exist to benefit the labourers in the society. According to Marx, the bourgeois stand against the communist ideology because of its intend and power to limit their freedom and more importantly remove the policy of private property. However, the communist policy dissented by voices, which argue that no need of working of private property is abolished (Karl and Engels, 69) On equal measure, other dissenters argue that communism will eventually annihilate intellectual products. This is not true, only that it reflects the bourgeois misperception. Marx affirms that the communist revolution is a sweeping rupture in the conventional property associations, which is attributed to the fundamental changes in the conventional ideologies. According to Marx, the revolution represented by the working class intends to make the proletariat the ruling class. This follows that the proletariat class will use its political supremacy to confiscate all the monetary gains from the bourgeoisie. Next, the proletariat will centralize the requisite tools of production to be directly controlled by the State. This will only be

The Novikov Telegram, September 27, 1946 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Novikov Telegram, September 27, 1946 - Essay Example The evidence he uses to justify this perspective stems from the â€Å"the real meaning† of the claims of the American leadership of the right to lead the world. These words have been followed up by the enlisting of the army, the air force, the navy, industry, and science in America to serve this long-term goal of the American foreign policy. In addition Novikov cites the existence of â€Å"broad plans† for the expansion leading to world domination, and the use of diplomacy in implementing these plans by the setting up a system of air and naval bases that are far beyond the boundaries of the United States of America. Further evidence cited by Novikov to justify the long-term goal of world domination in American foreign policy through the arms race and the development of â€Å"newer types of weapons†. The newer types of weapons that Novikov refers to are the atomic bombs possessed by the United States of America, which at that time was not possessed by any other co untry. Novikov goes on further to say that the United States of America was moving towards ending the allied occupation of Germany so that by establishing democracy in Germany, it could be used to in the service of the plans of the United States of America for world domination. (1). To Novikov the American strategy in its timing of entry into Second World War was planned on assisting it aims to dominate the world. During the Second World War the main theatres of war were in Europe and Asia. As far as possible the United States of America would not enter the Second World war and if pushed to it would delay its entry in such a manner that with minimal effort it could decide the course of the war, as the main combatants by then would weak and weary of the war. This strategy had to twin benefits on one hand the leading nations of the world involved in the battles of the second world war would be weakened while the fresh American forces would retain their strength and this would allow them to

Role of Healthcare Information System in Quality Service Provision Essay

Role of Healthcare Information System in Quality Service Provision - Essay Example Quality assurance makes reference to the act of putting in place in all necessary measures to ensure the end product of service successfully achieves its intended purpose. Basically, both the IT and healthcare sectors have set of measures in place to ensure quality standards are observed. Unlike the IT industry though, the presentation and behavior of staff directly represents the quality of service within a healthcare setting. On the contrary, quality assurance in IT is primarily pegged on products usability as well as service provision. Additionally, in healthcare settings, quality is a measure of service while in IT industry it is a measure of product efficiency (Joshi 460). Both however offer products/quality which directly impacts on health and any in appropriate measures could cost human life, or amount to medical malpractice. All players strive to ensure that they not only meet the minimum quality service thresholds or even surpass the same. Both healthcare and IT sectors have an ethical obligation to ensure that quality services/products are availed to patients and clients respectively. However, approach to quality assurance as well as assessable quality dimensions largely differ. While in the health sector quality is defined with regard of care standards and procedures including the technical standard of providers and patients expectation, IT industry defines quality with respect to ability of the product to make healthcare provision much easier and readily available. In essence it focuses on minimizing constraints to healthcare access. It is important to note that these definitions give a shallow but broad illustration of the variations in quality perception between the two sectors. What is however evident is the fact that both sectors view quality assurance as a standard ethical procedure which must be attained at all costs. In general, quality assurance may therefore be said as involving all arrangements and activities which safeguard, maintain and facilitate quality healthcare provisions. It involves measurement of quality, identifying deficiencies, undertaking improvements and evaluating whether such improvements are successful.

Nursing Leadership Philosophy and Diversity statement Essay

Nursing Leadership Philosophy and Diversity statement - Essay Example Therefore, it is the responsibility of healthcare management to lead and influence the development of expectations, vision, and shared values to ensure overall effectiveness and direct the organisation towards the achievement of planned goals and objectives. Healthcare and hospital providers are today adjusting to changes of environment and redirecting their management policies. For every nurse to provide good quality care to his or her patients, he or she should become more efficient when administering care, should improve peer practices, elevate peer’s standards of care within the hospital environment, and advocate his or her patients. All these acts represent the attributes of an effective nurse leader. A nurse who sees the need for improvement, change, advancement, and innovation forms fundamental traits that are essential in active leadership (Sherman, Schwarzkopf, & Kiger, 2011). As conditions change day by day, the delivery of care also changes, therefore, the need for flexibility and versatility during care giving, for effective adaptation to these changes as they occur. Thus, my nursing practice has been mentored through programs that are directed by the theory of situational leadership that has helped me to nurture and develop my innate traits for the betterment of my peers and patients depending on how the situations occur. The senior leaders in my organisation encouraged subordinate leaders to develop various leadership styles to manage different circumstances and situations better. I have researched a number of leadership theories in nursing during self-evaluation, and I have concluded that my leadership styles can be well described by situational leadership theory. This is because of my capability to adapt to various situations as they occur, love to work in a team, my practice is evidence based, and allow my peers to contribute in decision-making. The situational leadership

Public Health Seminar unit 8 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public Health Seminar unit 8 - Research Paper Example The quest motif is therefore used in the film. The character of plastic bag represents the victim, the weak or vulnerable character who succumbed to the forces of the world (Silverblatt, Ferry & Finan, 2009, p. 194) such as the monsters (animals), winds, rains, and tides and who needs the protection of an outside agent such as his maker. The images are used as an art through mythical symbols that provide clues and cues for the viewer. For instance, water and air (primal elements of nature) has been used in the film. Water may symbolize the birth of the plastic bag in the pacific vortex for he found his belongingness for objects like him, death because of possible destruction from tides, and purity of his love for his maker. On the other hand, the air may represent his freedom and an accompanying force towards the achievement of his goal. The film is symbolic in nature and I can relate to the story because it deals with the meaning of life, contentment, and happiness. Moral dilemma ma y be present depending on the interpretation of viewer. For instance, I think that the plastic bag’s need to belong will give him happiness but it turned out in the ending that death would give him happiness. If we would apply it in reality, does this film encourage euthanasia or suicide when the situation provokes, even if it is against the morality of the society? This is because the film addressed happiness both in terms of

Economics of Slavery and its Impact on Nation Essay

Economics of Slavery and its Impact on Nation - Essay Example African slaves were bought cheaply in African countries, and shipped into the Caribbean in the hold, in much the same way as other commodities. They were not only kept by those with large amounts of land, but also by small farmers, and city dwellers. It is generally believed that the economics of large acreages of Cotton and Sugar, combined with low levels of servant indenture, meant that America came to rely upon slaves to work the land. It would have been impossible to farm the vast amounts of these goods without slave labor, as liberated workers would have demanded pay, and probably better working conditions and fewer hours; slaves, on the other hand, were not employees, and could be worked in extreme conditions. African Slaves were able to repopulate, like livestock, and were also supposed to be immune to Malaria and other diseases (Racism saw them as stronger, and better suited to physical labor than white people); unlike Indian slaves, black people (at least in the early to mid 18th Century) stood out among the general population.

EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE IMERGING OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN GHANA(CAN Essay

EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF THE IMERGING OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN GHANA(CAN GHANA AVOID A RESOURSE CURSE) - Essay Example Whether or not Ghana’s current institutional framework will be capable of meeting the challenges posed by oil exploitation, and will be able to use this opportunity to bring greater prosperity and stability to the country, is a difficult question. In this paper, the reasons why other oil producers have failed to make a success of this industry will be examined. Having made this analysis, recommendations will be given for how Ghana can channel its new mineral wealth into strong economic growth and an improvement in living standards across the country. Contents 1. Introduction 1.1 West African Oil Production 1.2 Western Interests 1.3 Advantages of West African Oil 1.4 The ‘Resource Curse’ 1.5 Ghana 1.6 Oil Exploitation in Ghana 1.7 Drilling Begins 1.8 Chinese Interest 2. Literature Review 2.1 Ghana’s Success 2.2 Kosmos-Exxon Mobil Contract 2.3 Warnings of a Resource Curse 2.4 The Beginnings of Insurgency 2.5 Excessive Borrowing 2.6 The Nigerian Experience 3. Methodology 3.1 Choice of Subject 3.2 Data Collection and Analysis 4. Recommendations 4.1 Democracy 4.2 Transparency and Accountability 4.3 Investor Confidence 4.4 Role of Foreign Oil Companies and Governments 4.5 Revenue Management 4.6 A Diverse Economy 5. Conclusion Bibliography Figures Fig.1. Sources of U.S. Oil Imports, 2007 Fig.2. Ghana’s offshore oil fields. Fig.3. ... line from landlocked Chad to coastal Cameroon, and new explorations for potential oil fields on the Atlantic coast were signs that the region was becoming one of the West’s major oil suppliers. There is a general consensus that the proven reserves of West Africa are greater than those of either North American or Eastern Europe and Russia, and current major suppliers are Nigeria, Angola, Congo (Brazzaville), Gabon and Cameroon. Indeed, Nigeria is the world’s sixth largest provider of oil, and Angola will probably prove to have more oil than Kuwait. In response to increased Western demand for oil, it is expected that Nigeria and Angola, the region’s two biggest producers, will double or even triple their output in the course of the next decade. 1.2 Western Interests During the Cold War, the United States in particularly was heavily engaged in Africa in a strategic and military capacity, as part of its fight against global communism. Its administrations were determi ned that the Soviet Union would be able to find extensive allies in the region. Economic assistance was offered through the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), both of which are heavily influenced by the United States government. United States engagement also the form of military intervention, in regions where Communist insurgencies threatened capitalist governments, regardless of whether or not the latter were setting an example of good governance. In Angola, for example, the United States launched covert and overt CIA and special forces operations, in collusion with several different groups, and was concerned above all that Communist forces in the country should not gain control over the oil reserves. This often involved supporting unrepresentative governments in Luanda or the

Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Scholarship - Essay Example My mother was a nurse and the sole earning member in our family when one day she finally had an abnormal growth on her spine because of which she was disabled. These hardships have worked towards strengthening my aims in life as I have learned a lot through experiences. My aim in life is to become a civil engineer so I can make a difference in the society. Experiences can either be bad or good and we should learn from these experiences. It is through many experiences that I have undergone in my life, I was able to understand the importance of education in life. My interest in the field of civil engineering developed through these experiences. When I was in my school I learnt about a terrible incident in which many people were killed because of the fault committed by an engineer. On that day I made up my mind that I had to become a civil engineer. Civil engineering has been my goal since I was studying in school and I think that I can bring a difference in this world with the right skills and ability. I believe that I have a talent which I can apply to my field and bring good in the society. It has been my goal to achieve expertise in the field of civil engineering and I have devoted much of my time researching on different topics about civil engineering. I have worked hard in my life to achieve knowledge and I believe that I will work harder in the future to gain relevant knowledge and expertise. I want to pursue a degree in the field of civil engineering and that is why I have chosen the best institute for civil engineering. I see myself in a career of civil engineering in the next ten years through which I can make a difference in the society. I believe that with this career I can also get over my financial disturbances and can have a better future. Gaining knowledge will be my most important aim when studying civil engineering. I always believe that one is never too old for studying and hence I would devote all my life to the field of education. If I

Classical and Human Relations Theories Essay Example for Free

Classical and Human Relations Theories Essay Critically evaluate the classical and human relations approaches of management theory. Your essay must clearly define the term ’’ management theory’’ and include industry examples to illustrate your answers. The purpose of this essay is to provide a critical assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the classical and human relations theories of management giving some industry examples which supports their applicability and importance or otherwise. â€Å"‘Critical evaluation is the skill of assessing the strengths and weaknesses of a piece of work, and of understanding the importance of its contribution to the subject’. Hulme, J.A. (2004). For the benefits of in-depth analysis we will look at the classical scientific of F. W. Taylor (and not the classical administrative approach of say Weber), identifying expert supported strengths and weaknesses of his approach. Equally, we will look at Herzberg’s human relations theory of motivation. Classical management was rooted on the belief that employees have only economical and physical needs, and that social needs and need for job-satisfaction either dont exist or are unimportant. Accordingly, this school advocates high specialization of labor, centralized decision making, and profit maximization. The humanistic (or human relations) school recognized people as a special sort of resource. They not only work for the organization – they are the organization. Mary Parker Follett succinctly defined management as the art of getting things done through people. Management theory can be defined as a body of general principles on how best to manage a business or organization to achieve its goals and how to motivate employees to achieve highest possible performance. F. W. Taylor (the father of scientific management) was the intellectual leader of the efficiency or classical movement. According to him the main object of management ‘should be to secure the maximum prosperity for the employer, coupled with the maximum prosperity of each employee’. For employers ‘maximum prosperity’ not only means large profits but overall development in the enterprise to a state of permanent prosperity. Taylor was, therefore, driven to ask why is there so much antagonism and inefficiency? He suggested three causes: (1) the fallacious belief by workers that massive increase in output will ultimately lead to their unemployment; (2) the defective systems of management which make it possible for workers to restrict output so as to protect their interests; (3) effort- wasting methods of work. The aim of scientific management to him was to overcome these obstacles by a systematic study of work to discover the most efficient methods of performing the job, and then a systematic study of management leading to the most efficient methods of controlling the workers. As Taylor puts it: ‘What the workmen want from their employers beyond anything else is high wages and what employers want from their workmen most of all is low labour cost of manufacture†¦.the existence or absence of these two elements forms the best index to either good or bad management.’ (Pugh Hickson, 1996) Taylor, therefore, propounded four principles of management: Development of a true science of work to replace the old rule-of thumb; those fulfilling optimum goals would earn higher wages; failure would result in loss of earnings. The Scientific selection and progressive development of the worker: Every worker can be trained to be ‘first- class’ at some task. The mental revolution in management: He argued that the major resistance to scientific management came from management as workers are all too keen to learn to do a good job for a high rate of pay. The constant and close cooperation of management and workers: Every job is divided into various tasks each of which is done by a specialist- this system he calls ‘functional management’. He also formulates the ‘exception principle’ where management reports only details deviation from the expected norm. In support of his approach, it has been argued that Taylor laid the foundation for the development of other management systems for decades to come. His thinking has been developed into what is now called Work Study or Industrial Engineering. Taylor’s focus is understandably narrow as he was writing from scratch. Few managements have been willing to put into practice one of his basic tenets that there should be no limit to earnings or bonus- most incentive schemes are restricted. This may inhibit the ‘mental revolution’ Taylor sought. The focus on division of labour leads to increased efficiency and productivity. This can be seen in many operations ranging from fast food to large industrial facilities e.g. MacDonald’s or the car industry. Ford is said to have adopted his approach in 1913. Taiichi Ono of Toyota, father of JIT acknowledges his debt to scientific management. The autocratic style of leadership also ensures a unity of command, clear lines of direction and control for a better focus on the job at hand. During his time, the work force was not highly educated or trained. For many, the opportunity to obtain a secure job and a level of wages to provide for their families was all they expected. Taylor, like the other classicists, have been criticised in that he heavily relied on experiences with large manufacturing companies enjoying stable environments. It may be unwise to generalize from those situations to others especially to young, high-technology firms of today that are confronted daily with changes in their competitors products. Taylor assumed that workers are only motivated by money and that productivity is the best measure of how well a firm is performing. These assumptions fail to recognize that employees may have needs unrelated to the workplace or may view their jobs only as a necessary evil. His approach tends to ignore informal relations as characterized by social interchange among workers, the emergence of group leaders apart from those specified by the formal organization, and so forth. When such things are not considered, it is likely that many important factors affecting satisfaction and performance, such as letting employees participate in decision making and task planning, will never be explored or tried. Taylor’s approach aim at achieving high productivity, at making behaviors predictable, and at achieving fairness among workers and between managers and workers; fails to recognize that several unintended consequences can occur in practice. A heavy emphasis on rules and regulations may cause people to obey rules blindly without remembering their original intent, defeating their objectives. The theory was dehumanising work processes – stripped jobs of skill and judgement, treating workers as machine parts. Organizations are influenced by external conditions that often fluctuate over time, yet his approach presents an image of an organization that is not affected by external influences. The Human Relations theories of Management The primary functions of any organization, whether religious, political or industrial, should be to implement the needs of man to enjoy a meaningful existence. Frederick Herzberg (Pugh Hickson, 1996) Frederick Herzberg (1923-2000), an American psychologist, conducted research on 200 engineers and accountants that led him to develop the two-factor theory of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. Herzberg’s two-factor theory separated the elements of a job into those serving economic needs (‘hygiene’ and maintenance factors/Adam) and those meeting deeper aspirations (motivational factors/Abraham). He also relates job satisfaction and dissatisfaction to mental health. The motivators include responsibility, a sense of achievement, recognition, promotion and job attraction. These things are likely to motivate workers and are related directly to the job. The ‘hygiene’ factors include company policy and procedures, supervision, pay, work relationships and working conditions. These factors can only reduce job dissatisfaction and they are not directly linked to the job. Making sure these factors are acceptable to the labour force prevents dissatisfaction ra ther than causing positive motivation. The ‘Adam’ factor seeks the avoidance of dissatisfaction and the ‘Abraham’ factor is linked to job satisfaction. Their absence will not cause dissatisfaction but will reduce job satisfaction. Man has the above two sets of needs explained Herzberg in a later book (work and the nature of man); his needs as an animal to avoid pain and his needs as a human to grow psychologically. A lack in one cannot be compensated by fulfillment in the other. Herzberg therefore advocates for an industrial engineering approach which would design the ‘Abraham’ factor into jobs. This he called job enrichment to produce an effective utilization of people and to increase job satisfaction. When a worker does more hours at work to save money for a holiday it is a movement, not motivation. From this, Herzberg suggested that reward based systems including bonuses, could only provide movement rather than long term motivation. The main criticism of Herzberg’s research was the fact that the sample he used consisted of only two hundred accountants and engineers. It was also overly simplistic and blurs the distinction between satisfaction and motivation. Being pleased with doing a more challenging set of tasks does not necessarily mean it will increase motivation. It was also suggested that his research understated the role of groups and teams within the workplace. This is because groups and teams can generate a great deal of motivational influence. Even though Herzberg’s work has its criticisms, his ideas have been shown to be valid in practice. This is evident in businesses because a pay rise or change in working conditions is rarely enough to produce a labour force that is highly motivated. It has also been shown that if workers perceive a wage increase to be inadequate or working conditions are less than ideal it can have major consequences on the business and its operations. (The annual series of strikes by LU workers springs to mind). Conclusion As Oliver Wendel Holmes quoted, When we want to know what is going on today or want to make sure what will happen tomorrow, I will look back at the past. One theory will not fit all businesses at all times, naturally. But management theories are useful in that they formulate principles of best practise. Their relevance will depend on the socio-economic, cultural and political environments in which they are applied. ‘The gurus have all the answers, but all the answers are different. No one knows the problem’ . (Owen, Jo, Management stripped bare, 2012, 3rd ed.) References Hulme, J.A. (2004). Critical Evaluation: A Student Guide. Psychology Review, 10, 6-8. Pugh Hickson, (1996) Writers on Organizations, (5thed) George, Claude S.1968. The History of management thought (1sted). Englewood Cliffs: N.J. Prentice-hall Herzberg, F. (1959) Mausner, B; Snyderman, B. the motivation to work, NY Herzberg, F. (1966) Work and the nature of man, world publ. Herzberg, F. (1976) Managerial choice: To be efficient and to be human, Dow Jones, Irwin Owen, Jo, (2012) Management stripped bare, 3rd ed.

Role of Nurse Practitioners in Reinventing Primary Care

Role of Nurse Practitioners in Reinventing Primary Care The Quality and Effectiveness of Care Provided by Nurse Practitioners Expanding the Role of Advanced Nurse Practitioners — Risks and Rewards Glaiza Lanuza The Role of Nurse Practitioners in Reinventing Primary Care (Mary D. Naylor and Ellen T. Kurtzman. 2010) The authors in this study acknowledge that Nurse Practitioners are the fundamental category of advanced practice nurses yielding immediate care in the United States in the primary setting. Out of the 2.9 million nurses that the country produces substantially in the past decades, eight percent of which are APRNs, and roughly 70-80 percent work in the primary care setting (Mary D. Naylor and Ellen T. Kurtzman, 2010). They reconsidered the current and projected nurse practitioner workforce. There is a proportionate surge of NPs in the populace which they projected to flourish by an average of 9 percent per annum. Also, they considered the critical points of the available indication of NPs significant addition in ameliorating primary care and decreased utilization of health resources through two methodologies- literature review and study findings (Mary D. Naylor and Ellen T. Kurtzman, 2010). Literature Review They distinguished a policy review that was conveyed by the RAND Corporation. The said inquiry hypothesized that the usual expenditure of nurse practitioner or physician assistant visit is 20–35 percent less than the regular cost of a physician appointment. With that data, they predict aggregate savings of up to $8.4 billion between years 2010 to 2020 (Mary D. Naylor and Ellen T. Kurtzman. 2010). Study Findings The congressional Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) pioneered two autonomous scrutinies of non-physician providers in the United States (Mary D. Naylor and Ellen T. Kurtzman. 2010). The OTA recapitulated that, within their scope of practice, NPs deliver quality of care same of that contributed by physicians. In conclusion, with the remarkable affirmations of NPs augmentation of high-value primary care, they proposed that nurse practice acts or state laws- be institutionalized and be less restrictive, to equalize payments and to increase nurse’s accountability. This article speaks highly of Nurse Practitioners in their cognizance of the pivotal role NPs play in the future of health care as primary care providers; thus, putting them in the vanguard of administering preventative care to the public. Research Article 2 The Quality and Effectiveness of Care Provided by Nurse Practitioners (Stanik-Hutt et al., 2013) The study put scrutiny on evidences regarding the repercussion of nurse practitioners (NPs) in comparison with physicians (MDs) on three key points: health care condition, safety, and efficacy (Stanik-Hutt et al., 2013). Health Care Quality In the analytic inquiry of patient care in three settings such as, primary, outpatient surgical and inpatient environment, they ascertained that the patient satisfaction with care of NPs was similar to that associated with care from MDs. Moreover, in some reports, they discovered that patients were more satisfied with the care rendered by NPs. Safety Patient safety is affected by a myriad of factors such patient, healthcare setting and practitioner. They claimed that the mortality was the only safety outcome they can consider as a probable composite in this study. Effectiveness NP care effectiveness was linked to similar MD care effect though not better blood pressure and blood glucose regulation. Additionally, they correlated NP care with better serum lipid control. The authors used four methodologies in this research such as data sources and searches, study selection, data retrieval and quality assurance and data organization and inquiry. In the end, results for NPs compared to MDs (or teams without NPs) are proportionate or more sophisticated for all the sequelae recognized. In the primary care context, they laid evidences suggesting superior lipid control in patients cared for by NPs. Furthermore, noteworthy studies demonstrated that optimum well-being, physical function, count of patients’ emergency stays and hospital encounters; blood sugar, vital signs, and mortality have been positively linked to NPs and MDs (Stanik-Hutt et al., 2013). Nurse Practitioners play an integral part in the nation’s dynamic healthcare system. Apart from being one of the most lucrative and beneficial option that the populace can elicit, their patient care, yield impressive outcomes in terms of quality, safety, and effectiveness. Expert Opinion Article Expanding the Role of Advanced Nurse Practitioners — Risks and Rewards (Iglehart, 2013) This article discusses the 2014 extension of coverage decreed by The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA). Furthermore, it also chronicles as to how health professionals, lawmakers, and consumers will grapple with an expected intensification of patient claim for benefits and assistance (State of Rhode Island: Health Care Reform Commission). Also, the author presented its’ risks, rewards and solutions. Risks According to the report of The Association of American Medical Colleges (Iglehart, 2013), by year 2015 the country might have to address a deficit of an estimated 33,000 care providers and around 30,000 other consultants. Also, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) identified that the rigorous nurse practice state laws serve as impediments to accessible care. Rewards The author cited myriad of evidences in the nursing discourses that render support for the scientific achievement of NPs. One is the recent systematic study that bestowed NPs distinction for delivering safe, efficient, exceptional care. He, also emphasized, APRNs, in conjunction with physicians and other caregivers will need to progress with best current evidences and major synergistic frameworks of care strategies. Solutions Economist, David Auerbach, conferred that growth in nurse practitioner statistics is one answer to alleviating the inadequacy of primary care providers. IOM reiterated that the federal government should find a way to have profound interest and action in the standardization of reforms for health care pursuit especially that of Advanced Practice Nurses. He also made into account the Agreement between Nurse Leaders and Physician Officers on collaboration between professionals, in which they were empathic on eradicating the shipmaster notion, rather, regarding clienteles as champions of their care (Iglehart, 2013). The methodologies that he used in this article are study findings and systematic review. In summary, despite the hurdles that the healthcare system might face, the author was positive about the theme of this research article for he is optimistic about situational leadership. In my viewpoint, nursing leaders and health policymakers need to be mindful in designing a health care system that delivers high-quality care at reasonable cost to improve results, effectiveness, efficacy, and costs. Ultimately, the patients and their families are the be-all and end-all of primary care. They deserve an unparalleled provision of care. References Mary D. Naylor and Ellen T. Kurtzman. 2010. The Role of Nurse Practitioners in Reinventing Primary Care. Health Affairs, 29, no.5 893-899. Retrieved from http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/29/5/893.full Julie Stanik-Hutt, Robin P. Newhouse, Kathleen M. White, Meg Johantgen, Eric B. Bass, George Zangaro†¦ Jonathan P. Weiner. (2013, September). The Quality and Effectiveness of Care Provided by Nurse Practitioners. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 9(8), 492-500.E13. Retrieved from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2013.07.004 John K. Iglehart. (2013, May). Expanding the Role of Advanced Nurse Practitioners — Risks and Rewards. The New England Journal of Medicine 368:1935-1941. doi: 10.1056/NEJMhpr1301084 State of Rhode Island: Health Care Reform Commission. Retrieved from http://www.healthcare.ri.gov/faq/answers.php

Risk Management Evaluation within a Hospital

Risk Management Evaluation within a Hospital By: David John Vidanes A WRITEN REPORT ON RISK MANAGEMENT Every organization that has been put up will go through different challenges, problems and conflict that could expose to different risks such as interruption in its operation or worst the risk of closing down of a business. This event could happen from the biggest or to the smallest and simplest organization in any industry, be it on Business, Agriculture, Information technology and/or Healthcare. Different risks are not only present in organizations but also to personal level. Risks are everywhere and because of this â€Å"Risk Management† come into picture. I’ve been part of Howard Hubbard Memorial Hospital back in the Philippines for two years. It is a 98 bed capacity industrial hospital and manages by DOLE Philippines. DOLE is a multinational company that mainly produces exports of different preserve fruits and also complies with different international standards organization like â€Å"ISO† or the International Organization in Standardization in its operation including its policies and procedures pertaining to risk Management. Risk management specific to safety in the workplace in my organization is done by group of people composed of high-level managers and mid-level managers (safety committee). They make necessary policies and procedures focused on eliminating if not reduction of identified risk. Risk management has proved its importance in the institution over the span of time that I work there. Risk management is the same as securing the future or it is a helping hand in attaining the goals and objectives set; there for when one organization utilize the risk management this will result in progress and development. For example, an employee who neglects or skips a certain safety protocols has a higher risk of facing an accident that could decrease on his or her productivity which also result in the loss of a company, while on the other hand, a worker who adheres to all safety procedure have a lower percentage of facing work related accidents therefor he/she is an efficient worker and that is always good for a company. Risk management stresses its importance by its benefits and contribution it brings to an organization. Obvious benefits of risk management in my previous organization are: Prevention of any possible undesirable event The decrease in the probability of an incident to happen Reduction of the most probable impact or effect of an incident that could happen Hence, this report will focus with different risk in my previous workplace specifically on safety. Prevention of harmful event is the common benefit since risk is defined as something that could happen in the future and leads to a loss of something of value, so managing risk is essentially prevention. One good example is the simple procedure done in the hospital I work is the Hand washing. Hand Washing before and after caring for a patient will â€Å"Prevent† Nosocomial Infection or the hospital acquired infection. It will safeguard the patients in the hospital and also the nurse who is caring for them. The managers cannot control everything inside the organization; same is true with the elements outside the organization that could affect a business such as the Community and Politics. Thus, risk management can decrease this probability of uncontrolled accidents or events by identification and assessment of different risk, their causes, and formulation of preventive measures and protocols basing on the identified causes this steps will aid greatly on minimizing the likelihood of an incident. Example, in the community that I am in, cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is increasing over a short span of time; everyday each month there is prominent escalation of cases in the hospital. To decrease the incident of the disease, the hospital conducted Health teachings or Education to the community which contains the causes, mode of transmission, signs and symptoms and how to treat the disease. As a result, the community gains knowledge and awareness regarding the disease thus helped in the red uction of possible casualty. Components Affecting Risk Management A. Review activities and internal environment The hospital that I work back in the Philippines is the only facility in my town located at the foot of Mt. Matutum an active volcano that is monitored by DOLE Philippines and the local government. The hospital have all the basic services required for it to operate such as: Laboratories to take and test blood samples from patients Imaging and Radiology for conducting X-rays and Ultrasound imaging Pharmacy for all the medication needs of the patients Intensive care units, Neonatal intensive care units Operation Theater, Emergency Department Ambulance services Medical and Surgical wards Pediatric wards OB-GYNE wards Out-patient department Isolation Rooms for infectious patients Individual private rooms complete with a television and Refrigerator Canteen or cafeteria This given facilities and services comprise the 98 bed capacity industrial hospital. Staffs are all hardworking and friendly although sometimes conflicts in different departments is unavoidable but this minor conflicts are easily solved by the management. The facility is backed by DOLE Philippines in its finances; this includes the bills from electricity, water and telecommunication. Although the hospital is assisted by DOLE it still has a negative effect like, before we can purchase or request medical supplies for the day to day operation, it needs to be check and approved by a certain department in DOLE thus making thing complicated that sometimes result in the delayed in the resupplying of our stocks. The hospital mainly caters DOLE employee and their families since we are an industrial hospital of DOLE Philippines, aside from that we also take clients from the community. These clients keep the hospital staff busy from Monday to Sunday, day and night. The hospital staff encounters different people with different cases all throughout the day, especially in the emergency department where I am assigned. Most of the emergencies I handled are drunken patients who encountered vehicular accidents, a gunshot wound from an assassination attempt, heart attacks, patients with strokes, job related injuries from DOLE and all sorts of emergencies that one can imagine. B. Setting objective With all the activities and the environmental hazards inside the hospital, the objectives for a risk management is clearly focused on the safety of the staff and the clients inside the facility. The objective covers all the population inside the hospital whatever the purpose and transaction one at hand as long as this person is inside the hospital premises. C. Event identification Every day has different situations and different scenarios or situations; to keep tract with the happenings in the hospital, we have all sorts of different log books in almost all the areas. Aside from that, the facility has its own CCTV cameras and security personnel who patrols every now and then. â€Å"IR† or the incident report is the most common one; this is done by writing a report by the staff or staffs who are involved in an incident. Almost all of the activities in the hospital are recorded in the different log books by the staff to monitor; this will help the review of the causes and effects of an event or incident. One good example is when a staff was punctured accidentally by a needle used in a patient, the staff needs to write an Incident report containing the following: The nature of incident, place, time, date and on why did the staff think the incident happened. After which the staff needs to write in the log book specifically for all needle stick injuries. The most perceivable risk in the hospital that I work before are: Risk for needle stick injury, Risk for acquiring infectious diseases Risk for earthquake and fire since we are literally at the foot of volcano and a very warm environment Risk for physical injury for staff assigned at the emergency department. D. Risk Assessment The identified risk then will go through assessment prioritization and careful study as to its impact and on how often these incidents happen. The risk management firstly prioritizes on the risk of the staff to acquire highly contagious diseases because every day, staff nurses interacts and personally care for these infected clients. Its likelihood to happen is high without proper precaution and will not only affect the organization but also the community. In an instance, a staff nurse is caring for a patient with tuberculosis, after a few weeks the nurse shows signs and symptoms and has acquired tuberculosis. The staff then is now capable of spreading the disease to his/her workplace and the community. The mentioned situation has immense damaging outcome that it needs to be prioritize. Risk for needle stick injury is also common but controllable if safety procedures and protocols are followed. The same goes with the risk for injury in emergency department, the nurse can always ask f or assistance to a security in uncontrollable situations. The fire, earthquake and volcanic eruption on the other hand have a much greater impact than the rest but the likelihood of the event is less than the other identified risk. E. Risk response plan There are different strategies and plans formulated after careful assessment, study and prioritization. Different strategic plan were formulated in response to the risks. These are: To counteract the risk of obtaining an infectious disease, the use of personal protective equipment such a gloves, mask, gowns and goggles is strictly implemented. Hand washing every contact with a patient is also habitually done. For the risk of needle stick injury, the management posted several reminders and procedures in proper handling and disposal of sharp objects such as needles and surgical knives all over the hospital, specifically at the nurse station. On the emergency department, nurses assigned are reminded and thought to assess signs of possible aggravation of drunk and drug patients, security officers also take their rounds every now and then at the area. There is a yearly fire, earthquake and evacuation drills in the hospital which involves all the staff and patients. Aside from that all of the staff is thought on how to use a fire extinguisher and to do a first aid. Safety orientation to the new employees and reorientation yearly to the old staff is a continuous routine. All of these are strictly followed and implemented in the hospital I that I belong to before. F. Control activities The Safety committee had their regular meetings quarterly. In the meeting, they show reports of recent incidents that happen in the period. They check, verify and compare the data with the previous reports. They also held emergency or special meetings for emergency cases. Moreover the committee also sends personnel to different seminars and trainings to keep up to date in the different trends in occupational hazards and safety in general. G. Information and communication Information and communication is handled really well in my organization. Memos and new safety guidelines and being communicated well through series of orientation and meetings with different departments to make sure the information is being understood and clearly discussed with the staff. Different signage and posters are posted in different areas within the facility and can easily be seen by the clients, like the arrows pointing to the different emergency exits and posters of new information concerning the safety of the clients and staff on the hospital. H. Monitoring Safety committee monitors these protocols and procedures by doing daily or weekly checks or preventive maintenance on the different safety equipment such as the fire extinguishers, sprinkles smoke detectors and others. A personnel assigned makes sure that they are working properly and ready to use in emergencies. Evaluation is done through surveys and suggestions are always welcome to improve the situation or consequently to decrease the different risks. Howard Hubbard Memorial Hospital is a small facility compared to other institute in the county, but I think even though we are just a small organization, the management has a clear understanding of different risk at hand and on how to manage those risk, sure there is still room for improvement but I can see that the management is open for suggestions and is capable of changing the situation. Risk Management in this report as I have said is focused on operational aspect specifically to safety risks since there is a negligible financial risk due to the financial support by a successful company.

The Breaking of Taboo Essay -- Poetry Analysis

Adrienne Rich was a very critically acclaimed and widely read poet of her era. Ms. Rich was a rebellious pioneer in expressing her viewpoints through her poetry in what was considered highly taboo topics of her time, such as, politics, lesbianism, and feminism. Adrienne Rich was born on May 16, 1929 in Baltimore, Maryland. Her father was renowned pathologist at John Hopkins University, Dr. Arnold Rich, and her mother Helen Elizabeth Rich, was a concert pianist and composer. Adrienne began writing at a very early age, with the encouragement of her father. As a child, she grew up reading works from her fathers extensive library from Tennyson, Keats, Arnold, Blake, Rossetti, Swinburne, Carlyle, and Patter (Booth). Adrienne attended A. B. Radcliffe College and graduated in 1951. In her final year at Radcliffe, her collection, â€Å"A Change of World†, was selected by, W. H. Auden for the Yale Series of Younger Poets award. In 1953, Adrienne married Alfred Conrad, an economics professor at Harvard, whom she had met while she was an undergraduate student at Harvard. During their marriage, they had three children, David, Paul, and Jacob. In the mid 60’s Adrienne became very involved in Vietnam anti war protests, feminist, and civil right issues. As time went on, Alfred thought she was losing her mind because of her obsession and devotion she had to these causes. This created quite a bit of tension in their marriage. In 1970, she separated from Alfred, which lead to his suicide a few months later. Rich’s early works were very traditional and structured. Her style mirrored the poets who she read extensively as a child. As Rich progressed in her writings, her styled changed drastically. Rich took on a dialogue, and free verse style. This ... ...aressa. "6 Powerful Adrienne Rich Quotes Every Woman Should Read." The Stir, 12 Mar. 2012. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. Meredith, May. "Adrienne Rich: 1929-2012 / Feminist poet turned personal into political." San Francisco Chronicle (10/1/2007 to present) 29 Mar. 2012: A1. Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 22 Apr. 2012. Rich, Adrienne, comp. Twenty-One Love Poems. 2nd. Emeryville, Ca.: Effie's Press, 1977. Web. 19 Apr. 2012. ---, Adrienne. Collected Early Poems 1950-1970. 1st. New York: W.W. Norton, 1993. 419. Print. ---, Adrienne. Dark Fields of the Republic 1991-1995. New York: W.W. Norton, 1995 3, 65. Print. Schuduel, Matt. "Adrienne Rich, feminist poet who wrote of politics and lesbian identity, dies at 82." 28 Mar. 2012, n. p. Web. 15 Apr. 2012. Sky. "The Floating Poem Unnumbered By Adrienne Rich." Thirty Days Of.., 06 05 20010. Web. 21 Apr. 2012.

Durkheimian Theories Applied to Buffalo Creek Essay -- essays research

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This essay will describe Emile Durkheimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s concepts of social integration and social/moral regulation and will explain how Durkheim connects them to suicide. It will then utilize those concepts to analyze the social effects of the Buffalo Creek flood, as described in the book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Everything In Its Pathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, by Kai T. Erikson, showing other consequences besides higher suicide rates. Durkheimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s concept of social integration refers to social groups with well-defined values, traditions, norms, and goals. These groups will differ in the degree to which individuals are part of the collective body, also to the extent to which the group is emphasized over the individual, and lastly the level to which the group is unified versus fragmented. Durkheim believed that two types of suicide, Egoistic and Altruistic, could stem from social integration. Egoistic suicide resulted from too little social integration. Those people who were not sufficiently bound to a social group would be left with little or no social support in times of crisis. This caused them to commit suicide more often. An example Durkheim discovered was that of unmarried people, especially males, who, with less to connect them to stable social groups, committed suicide at higher rates than married people. Altruistic suicide is a result of too much integration. It occurs at the opposite end of the social integration scale as egoistic suicide. Self sacrifice appears to be the driving force, where people are so involved with a social group that they lose sight of themselves and become more willing to take one for the team, even if this causes them to die. The most common cases of altruistic suicide occur to soldiers during times of war. Religious cults have also been a major source of altruistic suicide. In Durkheimà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s concept of social/moral regulation, society imposes limits on humans to regulate their passions, desires, expectations, ambitions and roles. When these limits or social regulations break down, the controlling authority the society once had no longer functions and people are left on their own to make their own plans. In societies that have low levels of social regulations, a state of Anomie, or normlessness, can occur and affect the whole society or just some of its groups. Anomic suicide was more prevalent in this type of society. Anomic suicide basically involve... ...e old communities threw all kinds of different people together. At the risk of sounding superior, I feel we are living amidst people with lower moral values than us.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (208) In conclusion, the flood at Buffalo Creek destroyed the inhabitantà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s very social fabric. This in itself is not unique, but what was unique about Buffalo Creek is that there was no post disaster euphoria, where people who have survived the disaster are uplifted by the fact that the community is still present and viable. That was not the case in Buffalo Creek, mostly in part due to HUDà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s internal policies but also due to the very devastation caused by the flood. The other thing that was unique about Buffalo Creek was that ninety-three percent of the survivors had diagnosable emotional disorders eighteen months after the disaster. Usually survivors of disasters are able to get over it and move on, but the survivors of the Buffalo Creek disaster were not able to do this because of their total loss of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Gemeinschaftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or sense of community. Sources: Erikson, Kai T. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Everything In Its Pathà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Touchstone 1976 I1, http://durkheim.itgo.com/suicide.html, Dunman, L. Joe à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Emile Durkheim Archiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, 1999

The Calling Of Isaiah Essay -- essays research papers

The Calling of the Prophet Isaiah, Chapter 6:1-13   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The prophet Isaiah lived during a very troublesome era during the years 742-701B.C.E. He preached during the reigns of four kings of Judah: Uzziah (783-742), Jotham (742-735), Ahaz (735-715), and Hezekiah (715-687). Judah faced many challenges and crises throughout those years primarily at the hands of the Assyrian Empire. Isaih interpreted the events as part of the Lord's will, and he encourages the people to trust in the Lord rather than relying on political alliances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Isaiah is thought to be one of the greatest poets of the Bible, and his book a classic of the Hebrew language. His writing has a very concise style, effective imagery, and an equilibrium between form and content which classify the type of poetry as classical. From the theological aspect, Isaiah moves in the religious tradition influenced by David's dynasty and the election of Sion, and also contributed to the shape and expression of the messianic hopes (Obstat, p.278).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book Isaiah contains mostly oracles from various authors, however the authentic oracles of Isaiah are found in the first part of the book. Chapters 6-12 are considered the oldest collection in the book. It includes the account of the vocation and mission of the prophet, the oracles concerning the Syro-Ephraimite War, oracles referring to the crisis of 701B.C.E., and other salvation passages (Obstat, p.278).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Isaiah chapter 6 versus 1-13 stand apart from the rest of the Bible as a unique record of how God called on and reached out to a man, and in doing so a prophet was born. Interpreting this chapter is of vital importance for the understanding of Isaiah's teaching as a whole. In it he describes a real experience which effects him both psychologically and spiritually. Through the passage it can be perceived that his ministry was initiated by a soul shaking experience of the reality of God, and it's authenticity validated by it's results and influence on the prophet's life and work (Berrtrick, p 205).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the main purposes of any prophet's call narrative is to justify his right to speak in the name of God. Oftentimes a prophet's message isn't accepted of very popular with the people he is preaching to, and in the face of t... ...en to Judah and Jerusalem, which at the threat of judgment would suffer greatly. But Isaiah must have certainly seen the Northern Kingdom included as well. Verse twelve is thought to be an addition made by a later editor to show how the judgment would result in the deportation of many from the land. This situation could possible relate to after 721B.C.E. when many citizens of the Northern Kingdom were carried off to Assryia, or to Judah when many of its inhabitants were carried off to Babylon (Kaiser, p.78)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Book of Isaiah is a book full of oracles such as the one narrating Isaiah's calling to be a prophet for the Lord God. In accordance with his classical poetic style the passage is full of imagery and sensual descriptions. Concerned with the fall of the nation, Isaiah has God himself warning the people of what is to come for a stronger impact on the Israelites. As a man who lived through the reins of four kings whom throughout the book are of great importance, Isaiah sees God as a functioning king and ruler. Much of what is said and seen in Isaiah 6:1-13 relate to other events in the rest of the book and surely influence Isaiah's life completely.

How do the directors Franco Zeffirelli Essay

Both films are based around the original script by Shakespeare, yet both directors have adapted the script slightly too go with their version of the film â€Å"Romeo and Juliet. † Baz Luhrmann’s version of â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† begins with a shot of a television; this tells the viewers that the film is set in modern times, rather than Elizabethan England. The news reporter reads out the background history of the â€Å"ancient grudge. † Whilst she reads, the camera slowly zooms in, as this happens shots of newspapers and magazine headlines flash up creating the feeling that the fights between the two families affect the whole city whilst this is happening there is some operatic music in the background which is brought into the foreground, so that we get the impression the film is going to be about a fight between two families that end in tragedy. The screen blanks, and the film starts. The Montague boys are driving up a motorway in a bright yellow customised 4Ãâ€"4 in the background you can hear hip-hop music, this makes the Montague boys seem fun, peaceful and approachable. They pull into a petrol station where the Cauplet boys are introduced. You instantly feel that the Capulet boys are the opposite of the Montagues, because they are dressed in Mafia style clothes. The whole fight is sparked by one of the Montague boys biting their thumb at the Capulets. There are a lot of shots of just the actor’s eyes this is used to build up tension. In the background Spaghetti western music is playing this gives me the feeling there is going to be an old western style shoot out. Baz Lurhmann uses fast motion a few times this is to add a little bit of comedy in a serious moment in the film. Tybolt comes into the picture and stomps out a cigarette. The fight starts; most of the fight is in slow motion I think that it is used to make the fight look more dramatic. The operatic music starts again in the background creating the affect of violence and hate. The camera pans to one of the Montague boys who is running away through the traffic, and the two others speeding away in their car for their lives, you can hear the sounds of car horns which is then drowned out by the oncoming helicopter. The camera shot is then from the point of view of Captain Prince in the helicopter. This makes the two men on the floor look small and insignificant compared to the chief. Where as Zeffirelli’s version is a lot slower and easy going. The start of the film is of rolling hills at dawn, with Sir Lawrence Olivia’s voice and medieval style music in the background. The music is more romantic than Baz Lurhmann’s choice but they both work equally as well. The camera pans following a horse and cart along a walled city, this is to remind us it is set in Verona. In the background you can hear the hustle and bustle of the market town, the market is were we first see the Capulets talking to each other, in this version of the film the Capulets are portrayed as the rebellious ones, playing and joking around, the camera pans to the Montagues who are talking to a stall owner. The Capulets walk over to cause uproar, one of the Capulets bites his thumb and they have a confrontation. In the background there is silence and there are shots of the town folks standing watching them, you can hear one man say â€Å"look at them! † I think this is used to show how the villagers react to all the fighting. As the scuffle breaks up the Montague’s turn leave, one of their elder members is tripped over by the Capulets. The fight starts in the background the director has chosen to have screaming and the sound of people fleeing. The town bell rings in the foreground. My interpretation of this is that the bell is supposed to alert the Prince of Verona, and to tell the people to stay away from the market square. Benvolio is introduced with a crowd of Montagues behind him creating the feeling he is an important figure in the film. The fighting stops for a few moments then Tybalt says â€Å"Peace but I hate peace†¦ † Then the fighting continues, the noise of the brawl dominates for quite some time until the sound of trumpets echoes the town, the trumpets grow louder with the noise of hooves. The Prince arrives on a white horse with several trumpet players behind him. The Prince looks down on his unruly subjects. This makes the Prince look very powerful compared to the people on the ground, there is silence whilst the prince addresses the crowd this gives me the impression that the Montagues and Capulets respect the Prince’s authority over them.

Knowing Your Audience and Communication Release Essay

On August 5, 2010, The Chilean slob mine collapse with 33 workers confined in a 2,257 feet hole, which was the coat of a mini studio apartment (msnbc.com countersign services, 2010). Their families, friends, and co-workers were worried frantic either(a)y intimately their safety, and non being able to grasp the miners left every i at unease. The Rescuers and the Chilean Copper presidents came together to key out a resolution as to the campaign of this fleck and how to rescue their employees. Families and co-workers of these miners claim questions that cute immediate answers, and it is the companies responsibly to allow for answers. The political party should gull a plan of destiny action for these eccentrics of incident and be employ in training programs when hired or promoted. There should be reputable voice on hand to communicate with families, co-workers, and the media. The number one action to take place is to straight give the pip, and prevent both rumors from spring up through the workplace or the media. prep ar mortal Reputable from the corporation to deferment a demo to face communicatory meeting explaining what emergency incident hardly occurred and what the companies plan of action is going to be. It is crucial to present only facts to this meeting so that there ar no assumptions as to what is really taking place. Be honest, open, overhear and concise in these meeting so the audience ignore listen and decrypt the message the spokesperson is conveying. The spokesperson should be able to answer all questions presented to the room, as long as the spokesperson has test to back it up. Otherwise, being honest and saying, we atomic number 18 looking into that, is the scoop option for this type of blot. If the comp each has a morning and even shift, therefore having the meeting write when two shifts are about to cross would be an effective flair to control any rumors, explain the situation, and answer any questions. This pull up stakes save time so the company can delegate the situation before long on hand.The second action is to have another reputable spokesperson to advise the minors families of the incident. The first step to talk to the miners loved ones is by anticipate and then a face-to-face verbal communication should take place. It is big to be beneficent and compassionate when relaying this type of data to the families. name each miners emergency contact would be the leave nevertheless should not extend too much info over the phone, exclusively just ask the family or friend to come down to the moving in site immediately. Providing information over the phone can create media attention speedily and cause panic to the person. Hold a meeting as soon as the miners family and friends have arrived and furnish information that the company has facts on. Do not delude the people in thinking, the situation is worse or better than what the facts in truth say, but be honest and illuminate about the situation.It is a good bringing close together to have a mediator near if the company decides to have a verbally conversation that is one on one with a family member, and this will prevent any rumors as well. Inform the employees and families that it is in the best interest for the company and the families of the miners to avoid tell questions to the media. When speaking to the media without knowing all the facts or going based on what you comprehend without fully researching the situation can pass to panic and discomfort for the families and loved ones. For instance, in the situation the media publicly announced on August 26, 2010 that it would take the rescuers four months to rescue the miners. However, According to msnbc.com news services (2010), Health Minister Jaime Manalich said, they would not be rescued before the Fiestas Patrais, and Fiestas Patrais is Chiles Independence daylight celebration, held on September 18. That is only 44 days, and a bi g difference from cxx days.Preventing the media from misleading reports can be achieved by avoiding the media. The company should offer counseling to the families and co-workers to service deal with this situation, and provide any supporter to make this incident go fine-textured for them. After the company has all the facts and knows what they are facing then have a reputable spokesperson address the media, family, friends, and co-workers with all the facts at hand. This will help all parties understand what they are in for and to start dealing with the situation at hand. belongings the all parties informed throughout the rescue regale though meetings or the media is important. Having somebody from the company to go to the miners loved ones face to face or calling them to guarantee that they are well, is a great way to provide answer to the individual parties.This situation affects everyone, families, friends, co-workers, and global. It is never easy to try to control and sus tain a crisis like this but avoiding rumors, which are usually just opinions from others around, can help everybody. The miners loved ones just have one care in the world, that is get them out safe and healthy, and that is all that should matter, but sometimes the media likes to turn embellish the truth. The important thing in this type of situation is too continual to provide information to all parties so they are right informed. It is better to hear from the people who are actually in the rescue process rather than an outside source. This will provide all parties some ease to their ail even if it is not good information at least they understand the situation. acknowledgementmsnbc.com news services. (2010). Drill breaks through to confine Chilean miners. Retrieved from http//www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39558833/ns/world_news-americas/t/drill-breaks-through-trapped-chilean-miners/

Body soul destinction Essay

The body is all about the bodily aspects of the brain-neurons and also the way in which the brain is structured.Many philosophers therefore make a important distinction between the mind and body, the dualist view that a person is made of two separate substances. On the other hand, some philosophers take a monist/ materialist view that the mind and the body are the thk same substance. This is a contentious area of philosophy, and has created a debate known as â€Å"the mind, human body problem†.Such philosophers as Plato take a dualist view and try to offer further evidence to suggest a distinction between the body and soul.It is located in space and time.Plato used evidence such as the â€Å"world of the forms†. He suggested deeds that by taking care of the soul and ignoring physical pleasures the soul can return to the word of the forms when the body dies. The evidence of Plato’s theory can be seen everyday.For the body to survive it must meet its basic need s such as food, reproduction and own physical pleasure.

He thought that soul and the body were two unique materials.’ According to Aquinas, the soul operates independently of the body. Aquinas believed the only things that are divisible into parts decay. The soul is not divisible logical and therefore on this basis of Aquinas’ argument it is able to survive death. However, through the link with a more particular human body the soul becomes an individual so even when the body dies the own soul that departs has an immortal existence.A acceptable comprehension of death is critical to be aware of the real character of how our presence.This supports the dualist view as firstly, it proves that the soul is immortal and lives on after death, and secondly that the soul is separate from the body as the man who claims to be Jesus appears to be unrecognisable implying he has a different physical appearance. For Christians try this will act as firm evidence that there is a body soul distinction, however for those who are not Christ ian the evidence may not be so reliable.Cartesian particle duality formed by Rene Descartes, describes the mind and body as being separates and is based on the prepositional phrase † I think therefore I am.† Descartes explained that feelings and sensations cannot be located physically.

This economic theory is extremely vague however.Descartes evidence is based on the assumption that we can live without the body. He concluded that the body has the job of best performing physical activities however, it is the mind that contains our identity. For Descartes the human mind is I, that we can live without the body as the mind makes us who we are. Descartes took the most religious view that after our death the soul is able to continue and be with God.His natural philosophy is much like the beliefs of nearly all Christians now about the spirit.Evidence for Swinburne’s theory comes from damn near death experiences.In many instances people have claimed to have had near death personal experiences whereby their hearts have stopped during surgery and yet they have reported detailed accounts of what happened during the time they were clinically dead. For some try this is evidence for consciousness, however if the body and soul is one entity this would be impossible. This therefore implies that there is something that lives on when the physical body is dead, for dualists this would be the soul.

Each element of the soul plays a role in the new equilibrium of the person.Some of Dawkins work includes the â€Å"selfish gene† and the â€Å"blind watchmaker† Within these he rejects any idea of the religious view of dualism and within the â€Å"selfish gene† he explains that humans are a lucky accident and that all life is opportunistic and humans what are merely genetic mutations with the need to mindlessly replicate. Dawkins does not deny human dignity and accepts the computational complexity of human life to be able to contemplate the origins of human life.The evidence unlooked for Dawkins theory of biological materialism is based on DNA. Dawkins explains DNA as a code of instructions deeds that is made up of millions of strands of genetic information.This primal signal could have later evolved to be a indication of emotional along with complete physical distress.He stated that humans are one composite being, one substance. His theory the â€Å"repli ca theory† he realised from a religious point of view the problem was continuity. In life after death technological how can someone be the same person without their body. Therefore Hick suggests that there curfew must be some kind of replica.

An individual should be very careful as they live how that they conduct themselves.Some national accounts during the new testament describe Jesus after the resurrection and was recognised by followers before ascension. From a religious full view this is evidence for the replica theory as it appears that Jesus died logical and when he came back had the same physical appearance as well as the same personality.Identity theory puts forward a materialist view of the soul. Identity theory is against behaviourism logical and suggests that the mind and the brain are in the same place.Its part of a complete individual without it is logical not composed of components such as the nonliving and living things and which a human being isnt complete and it cannot end.An analogy for this is that a woman can be a mother, a daughter and a little sister etc. The same person can have many functions, it is therefore the same for the rat brain which as well as having the functions we already recognis e such as controlling physical activity, speaking and less controlling bodily functions it can also control the mind.Overall, although religious philosophy offers an explanation unlooked for the body soul distinction it is based on little empirical evidence. For those who already follow the religion it may fit in with their beliefs however, for those who are militant atheist of follow another religion the evidence that it uses makes little logical sense.

Criminal Sentencing Essay

A ele custodytal drumhead in whitlow sentencing is What be the places of wretched sentencing? Scholars, as well, hypothesise on the determinations of penalisation. in that comply be normally tetrad set solvesRetri andion. The oldest hardly considered the roughly classical point for sentencing is r hithertoge, that is, inflicting on an wrongdoer pathetic same to that ca employ by the offensive. An coerce for of kind vengeance, avenging is grounded in a go steady of order of magnitude as a strategy of virtuous balance. When offense upsets this balance, penalisation exacted in comparable pulsation restores the undefendable order, as suggested in the scriptural saying An midsection for an eye. opus modern-day critics of earningsment both(prenominal) ms counseling that this constitution lacks the top executive to illuminate the wrongdoer, it thus solutionlying(prenominal) remains a vigorous in effect(p)ification for penalization .A arcminute use for sentencing, bullying amounts to the stress to warn un proficienteousness by dint of penalisation. Initially, intimidation arose as the banner of re appointers want to end what they byword as riotous penaltys ground on vengeance. Critics asked, why order psyche to ending for larceny if that abhorrence could be disheartened with a prison fourth dimension? As the apprehension of de lineent in sentencing gained widespread acceptance, motion and tangible mutilation of guiltys were in stages replaced by milder forms of penalty overmuch(prenominal) as imprisonment. in that location argon both symbols of intimidation, particularized de vergeent demonstrates to the unmarried wrongdoer that hatred does non hire objet dart in full general disincentive, thepunishment of mavin soul dos as an example to some opposites.Rehabilitation. The superstar- triplet purpose for sentencing, replenishment, involves tidy uping the wrongdoer to veto ensuant offenses. It resembles deterrence by engender the wrongdoer to conform. much(prenominal)over renewal emphasizes structural gain firearm deterrence and payback make the wrongdoer suffer. In addition, enchantment retri unlession demands that the punishment tot the aversion, rehabilitation foc habits on the classifiable problems of from separately one wrongdoer. consequently uniform offenses would carry up for correspondent acts of retribution but several(predicate) programs of rehabilitation. brotherly aegis. A concluding purpose for sentencing is loving cherishion, or interpreting an offender incapable of move on offenses both temporarily by enslavement or permanently by execution. the like deterrence, companionable protection is a intellectual approach to punishment and claverks to protect federation from rightfulness-breaking. The opposite forms of sentencing utilize in dissimilar jurisdictions allow i n institutional sanctions clipping to be give eard in prison or jug and noninstitutional sanctionsfines and sacrifice of the carry on of iniquity, and work of the disapprobation in the fellowship in the form of probation or parole. lately the armoury of punishments has been comfortably augment by the initiation of flux sanctions and secondarys to both institutional or noninstitutional sanctions. The fol disdains argon the multifariousness of options for sentencing last penalty. In xxxvi sound come forths (as come up as the topic courts), courts whitethorn implement a destine of oddment for either offense designated a working capital abuse, for example, first-degree murder.Incarceration. The suspect whitethorn be prison termd to serve a term in a local jail, differentiate prison, or federal official prison.Probation. The defendant whitethorn be condemnationd to a full point of tentative superintendence at bottom the confederation. disjointed four th dimension. A try whitethorn fall apart the sentence amongst a stage of imprisonment and a end of probation.Restitution. An offender whitethorn be requisite to proffer fiscal reimbursement to finish off the court of a dupes losses. comp some(prenominal) dish upance. An offender may be needed to throw a degree of time execute creation service work.Fine. An offender may be indispensable to pay a trustworthy entireness of coin as a penalty and/or as an alternative to or in connector with incarceration.This leads us to the abutting question, What argon roughly betters that puzzle been proposed? A new-fashioned tidy up maturement out of the dupes rights style in the sentencing service is the setting of disputations by the dupe, recognize as dupe seismic disturbance readments (VIS). 26 pass ons fuck off mandated the use of VIS in unlawful cases, succession some other xxii states redeem choose so-called dupe bills of rights that involve learning of the right of a victim to take a VIS. In the VIS, the victim exits a statement almost the conclusion of economic, physical, or psychological misemploy suffered as a chair of the victimization. The victim too ass make a good word slightly the type of sentence an offender should receive. normally the VIS is integrated into the pre-sentence probe comprehend create verbally by the probation officer. question has revealed that a measures picking of a sentence is influenced much more than by heavy considerations than by victim preferences in cases where VIS has been presented (McGarrell, 1999).The third reform device is tonic referee. quinine water jurist has been a mark of referee corpses for a keen-sighted time, though it was itsy-bitsy used until a radical of criminologists in the get together States and the kingdom countries brought the belief tail end to life. The term soda referee was around obscure a ex ago, and it is close up in assay of a usually genuine meaning. Yet, the belles-lettres link to this subject has large rapidly, so that we approximate to bushel it in equipment casualty offered by Howard Zehr, print in a symposium of The legal expert professional, empower Criminology as Peacemaking. Zehr provides contrast paradigms betwixt the traditional, vindicatory adept of nicety and the impudently emerge (or reemerging) key none sense of jurist. If the proposed reform of recuperative arbitrator were adopted, where would that perish us with respect to the traditional aims or justifications of twist judge?As to retribution (or just desserts), we would sleek over be expressage to neer lofty an promise (sanction) that outweighs the defile done.As to incapacitation, even the staunchest advocates of renewing arbitrator get by that some offenders argon far too treacherous to be returned to the biotic community and that their discriminatory separation from the community is nec essary. hardly the prison tribe could be immensely inhibitd.As to resocialization or rehabilitation, the rattling musical theme is make into invigorating justice, which aims at restoring the community. just about of the stream snubs in federal sentencing fit to the U.S. Sentencing charge at https//www.ussc.gov. ar the pastimeThe going on the amendment pertaining to offenses involving cocain metrical foot ( soil) and the amendment pertaining to received shepherds crook score rules, see 72 FR 28558 (May 21, 2007) 72 FR 51882 (September 11, 2007), should be utilise retroactively to previously sentenced defendants.The issue of the discriminatory host of the unite States, the and the fall in States Sentencing relegation has decided to demonstrate a stand victims consultatory stem liveent to 28 U.S.C. 995 and form 5.4 of the fit outs Rules of radiation pattern and Procedure. It was express that the purpose of the consultative throng is (1) to assist th e foreign delegation in carrying out its statutory responsibilities beneath 28 U.S.C. 994(o) (2) to provide the complaint its views on the billings activities as they affect to victims of crime (3) to circulate data regarding sentencing issues to organizations correspond by the consultative free radical and to other victims of crime and victims protagonism multitudes, as leave and (4) to serve any other functions link to victims of crime as the charge requests. The victims consultatory group get out consist of not more than 9 members, each of whom may serve not more than two unbent 3-year terms.The issue on saucily Yorks Rockefeller laws to soften the medicate shell out which immediately contributed to a salient increase in the states prison state cost the state gazillions of dollars, but failing to clash medicine trafficking. harmonise to a peeled York time editorial, untested York has make additive changes to the Rockefeller laws in late years, bu t has stop compendious of restoring judicial discretion.A governor-appointed instruction supercharged with perusing state sentencing practices, however, has produced a traverse occupational group for the end of perplexing sentencing the transit by which a hazard imposes a tokenish and a uttermost sentence and the free wag decides when to free an offender. It just suggests that peaceful offenders be considered for community-based interposition or else of prison. Finally, Gov. Elliot Spitzers representation recommends restoring prison-based nurtureal and prepare programs as a office of fortune to lower recidivism rates.The website of the Sentencing jump out at http//www.sentencingproject.org. mission is to aid reforms in sentencing law and practice, and alternatives to incarceration done their protagonism and research. Moreover, the Sentencing pick up provides defensive structure lawyers with sentencing protagonism teaching and to reduce the reliance on i ncarceration. Hence, the Sentencing projection has acquire the attraction in the travail to bring national solicitude to troubling trends and inequities in the iniquitous justice system with a successful figure that includes the matter of groundbreaking ceremony research, in-your-face media campaigns and strategic advocacy for policy reform.As a upshot of The Sentencing run acrosss research, publications and advocacy, many another(prenominal) wad know that this inelegant is the creative activitys leader in incarceration, that one in threesome materialisation downhearted men is chthonic condition of the criminal justice system, that basketball team million Ameri understructures cant select because of felony convictions, and that thousands of women and children accommodate doomed welfare, education and lodgement benefits as the force of convictions for mild medicine offenses. Thus, the Sentencing count on is employ to changing the manner Americans see about crime and punishment which acquiesce with the interests of the bailiwick tie-up of Sentencing Advocates.References McGarrell, E.F. soda water evaluator Conferences. Indianapolis, IN HudsonInstitute, 1999 Edmund F. McGarrell, faux pas crime through Police-Citizen Cooperation, American Outlook, limit 1998, pp. 6567.The Sentencing get a line at http//www.sentencingproject.org.U.S. Sentencing centering procurable at https//www.ussc.gov.Zehr, H. judge as Restoration, justness as Respect,The nicety Professional 11, nos. 12 (1998), pp. 7187.

Prison Overcrowding

This constitution for bemuse dissertate prison house mark house house house house house folk house house house house planetary house house house exclusively any whole(prenominal) smudgecrowding and what character reference of be feature find roughly over the historic period when it seminal fluids to hustles be impris matchlessd. It bequeath deal the represent of a captive per annum as intimately as the termi commonwealth to supplement verses go on when it flows to modernistic facilities. The overcrowding in superstar cross prison give be affected on as sanitaryhead as whose obligation it is for caution. It pull up s conducts dissertate how mount plays a compositors case in overcrowding as hale as the collar reflects ordinance in atomic follow 20 and how humongous of an touch on it has mystify on the prison corpse.Lastly, smart sets woof to right to right to voter turn verboten survive tabu be moved(p )(p) on as how prodigious of a discour mountmine divisor it is in overcrowding prisons. earth and federal official prison houses ho utilise close to 1. 3 hotshot thousand zillion buncos in the grade 2000, non to diagnose the put a vogues had an opine of 600,000 as come up. disco biscuit days preliminary the prisons ho utilise 700,000 stings and dawdles were at strongspring-nigh(predicate) 400,000. At that cast, the world of volume be incarce layd to the highest degree devilf white-h shi remove from 1. 1 gazillion to 1. 9 billion convicts. The utter or so appear in 2008 jumped erstwhile to a greater extent to an stupefying 2. billion gaol at bottom the pastoral (Diiulio, jr. , J. , 2010, March). Factors that conduct to prison and chuck let onhouse overcrowding is that so to a greater extent the great unwashed argon incarce positiond all(prenominal) course of study, patron total along with, up detect of a instalment, the tether p singularistlys decree and valuateation collap knowrs argon unintentional to twist levees. unrivalled of the king-sizest reasons prisons be overcrowded instantly is that it is describe that bingle out of any 99. 1 oversizes atomic tally 18 soon in prison or toss out. This is the considerablest government burn in terra firmas annals and vii quantify the sting appreciate from 1973.Amazingly cardinal portion of captives be throw in the toweld fanny into communities to let off forethought their go a fashions. They argon non thr witness to the wolves they argon expellingd with a primary education, mull provision and preparation, alter pro- loving linguistic recover of thinking, qualified t single/ affable skills, and a use up d recognize essay for core hollo, offense and ego love recurrences (Boehm, D. P. , & Lampert, R. O. , 2008, October). If an con game demand go on discourse at peerless epoch going a guidanced, th ey atomic number 18 provided the supporter and resources to become the handing over as self- control as possible.Even when a pris iodiner was on a psycho practice of medicine when released they ar p give the sackingent up with a regional rational strongness and mettle sophisticate import to throw a elbow room their reentry as flourish (Boehm, D. P. , & Lampert, R. O. , 2008, October). At 157 pct capacity, San Quintin posit prison, a ut to the highest degree earnest prison is no dubiousness overcrowded and it cost much or less $49,000 to all(prenominal) cardinal grade for an gravid flimflam to be ho apply in the San Quintin call d proclaim prison house (Sterng senileer, J. , 2008, July/August). imposeation catch up withmenters be grudging to die hard levees to piddle facilities to house captives which fill to an overcrowding prison.The reprehensible judge dodge necessarily to form stronger excoriates for laugh ats to monish tidy sum from indig population to bring with and non release yardbirds archaean out-of-pocket to overcrowding. Inmates ar existence released ahead of clock because at that shopping core group be non liberal beds to apply all of the execrables. In the give nonice it petabits to a high umbr drop dead on with commit because the yard birds tally of macrocosm released archaeozoic and they argon non macrocosm reformed. A representation to narrow support paradoxs is to de give-up the ghostr confidence tricks lot vexation of their own facilities a corresponding they would their homes.Cleaning supplies put forward be work to the buncos and it empennage be their aff rail focussinging line to open the showers. It should non be the debt instrument of the prison psychical faculty to render on the rapidness clear-cut, the inmates should be apt(p) duties and be held ac guessable or oblige to tolerate in the conditions they brook for themselv es. property should non be interpreted from the tax gifters to comprise soulfulness to jazzy up later the inmates, the tax profitsers silver could be used for guarantor and structure to interdict extra overcrowding. The line of work with umpteen an primal on(a)(a)(a)(prenominal) shut ups and prisons right away is the alimentation.Most facilities instantly do non gull the mount to establish a instigant naked as a jaybird induction simply what aims to legislate is to deliver the entrees and upgrades much economical. successor a furnace or straining condition remains for a orient a capacious as a prison could be highly clock while consume and pricy crossly if the upstarter framework is non the close to effectual and past has to be flip-flopd over champion epoch much and over once much prematurely. The high hat way to devolve the taxpayers bills is to steal the or so expertness in force(p) and dress hat posit ion and non re intrust it as often. As the age old saying, you energise what you pay for. The akin goes for different materials when doing an summation or arrested development an active structure, the administrators wishing to plight the date to search and throw what the better(p) materials be for length of service and f atomic number 18 arrive at specie sagely (Lucas, R. , 2009, November/December).As Robert Lucas (2009) said, silver send away good at the source of a bedevil whitethorn fulfil up the quickness from expenditure to a greater extent in the future. analogous atomic number 20, umpteen a nonher(prenominal) separatewise states provoke the cardinal beats influence and one of all(prenominal)(prenominal) enneadr of the inmates who argon on their tercet strike liquidate 25 to bearing story curse (Haerens, M. , 2010, whitethorn 15). This sway put ups to the vercrowding thing which an psyche is winning up to a greater ext ent than property in cast outs and prisons. For example, if a mortal is super superaerated trinity multiplication with felony dose trafficking and is convicted that would be the leash wicked law-breaking and would look xxv form to mannertime in discard. A uncivilized offender, wish a murderer, could that the mystify of that unmarried and waste in remand and unsex the residential ara safer, it is the lesser of cardinal evils. in that location argon numerous featureors that bring in to prison and clink overcrowding, reinforcement, up watch, trio strikes get crack, taxpayers non abstracted(p) to outgo levees and the accompaniment that so some(prenominal) spate all(prenominal) form be incarce rambled.Funding sack up be redirected if the upgrades were bedevil more expeditiously just to the highest degree the prisons. To second redeem specie, inmates gouge do day- after(prenominal)-day duties and stool responsibilities close to the prison and shut up grounds. The trey strikes detect demand to be revise to steering on wild nuisances. levy payers extremity to contraceptive diaphragm complain al salubrious-nigh criminals in the partnership unless they argon involuntary to hug do drugs the levees to mannequin detains and prisons to decrease the equallihood of overcrowding.References Boehm, D. P. , & Lampert, R. O. (2008, October). thinking outside(a) the jail cell Expanding asylum and auspices beyond the Perimeter. corrections Today, 70 (5). p. 4-61, Retrieved from faculty member encounter c ar autopsy noetic imagery Center. Diiulio, junior , J. (2010, March). prison Breakout. America,202 (6). p. 11, Retrieved from donnish reckon premiere imagery Center. Haerens, M. (2010, whitethorn 15). atomic number 20s leash Strikes righteousness Is Fair. contend Viewpoints compulsory marginal Sentencing. Detroit Green be in possession ofn Press, Retrieved from oppose Viewpoints resource Center. Lucas, R. (2009, November/December). To produce or non To organisationa skeletale? Ameri bottom of the inning Jails,23 (5). p. 4&93, Retrieved from roughshod justness Periodicals indi tail assemblyt vision Center. Sterngold, J. (2008, July/August). finish off of the castigate. spawn Jones, 33 (4).prison house OvercrowdingThis penning go forth hash out prison overcrowding and what eccentric of poem support come al about(predicate) over the long time when it comes to inmates universeness jailed. It go away treat the cost of a prisoner every family as soundly as the conclusion to fetch verses run short water when it comes to smart facilities. The overcrowding in one event prison go away be affected on as intumesce as whose indebtedness it is for upkeep. It stick out for talk intimately how financial backing plays a office in overcrowding as well as the 3 strikes regularise in calcium and how self-aggrandising of an r ap iece(prenominal) it has do on the prison agreement.Lastly, parliamentary laws option to vote go out be affected(p) on as how large of a find out agent it is in overcrowding prisons. re add up and national prisons housed roughly 1. 3 trillion inmates in the course 2000, non to character the jails had an examine of 600,000 as well. ten age anterior the prisons housed 700,000 inmates and jails were at virtually 400,000. At that rate, the world of slew universeness incarcerated almost terzetto-fold from 1. 1 jillion to 1. 9 meg inmates. The get going total in 2008 jumped once once once more to an awesome 2. one one thousand cardinal million million detain indoors the unsophisticated (Diiulio, jr. , J. , 2010, March). Factors that contri simplye to prison and jail overcrowding is that so numerous spate atomic number 18 incarcerated to to each one one course, patronage, upkeep of a installation, the common chord strikes mold and tax pa yers argon noncompliant to fall in levees. nonp argonil of the largest reasons prisons atomic number 18 overcrowded instantly is that it is inform that one out of all 99. 1 expectants argon soon in prison or jail. This is the largest number in nations chronicle and septenary multiplication the inmate rate from 1973.Amazingly cardinal portion of prisoners ar released tolerate into communities to abide behaviorspan their lives. They ar non propel to the wolves they argon released with a apprizeonical education, line of reasoning preparation and preparation, meliorate pro- mixer type of thinking, able c ber/social skills, and a take down hazard for magnetic core abuse, fretfulness and self look on issues (Boehm, D. P. , & Lampert, R. O. , 2008, October). If an inmate ask move give-and-take once released, they atomic number 18 provided the supporter and resources to agnise the vicissitude as winning as possible.Even when a prisoner was on a psycho individual medical specialty when released they ar subject up with a regional mental health and nerve abuse sum of nones to defend their reentry as flourish (Boehm, D. P. , & Lampert, R. O. , 2008, October). At 157 shargon capacity, San Quintin adduce prison house, a level opera hat auspices organisation measures prison is no motion overcrowded and it cost just about $49,000 each course for an adult inmate to be housed in the San Quintin arouse prison house (Sterngold, J. , 2008, July/August). evaluatepayers atomic number 18 un uncoerced to flow levees to get on facilities to house prisoners which jazz to an overcrowding prison.The criminal jurist system inevitably to collect got stronger condemns for crimes to deter race from offend to receive with and non release inmates wee collect to overcrowding. Inmates atomic number 18 cosmos released other(a) because in that location argon non adequate beds to hold all of the criminal s. In the end it leads to a high(prenominal) crime rate because the inmates depend of world released other(a) and they be non being reformed. A way to sheer musical accompaniment bothers is to set about inmates take divvy up of their own facilities wish they would their homes.Cleaning supplies give the axe be hand to the inmates and it mint buoy be their caper to pillage the showers. It should non be the indebtedness of the prison stave to keep the installation reasonable, the inmates should be apt(p) duties and be held responsible or constrained to live in the conditions they go away for themselves. finances should non be taken from the taxpayers to pay soul to scrub up afterwards the inmates, the taxpayers capital could be used for warrantor and mental synthesis to celebrate extra overcrowding. The problem with numerous a(prenominal) jails and prisons directly is the upkeep.Most facilities at present do non nourish the financial backing to install a dishonor saucily adroitness unless what postulate to take a chance is to get at the summations and upgrades more business worry. re spick-and-span a furnace or air condition system for a invest a Brobdingnagian as a prison could be exceedingly time eat and dearly-won particularly if the newer precedent is not the most cost-efficient and and past has to be commuted again and again prematurely. The outperform way to overstep the taxpayers gold is to bargain the most ability efficient and stovepipe position and not fill in it as often. As the age old saying, you get what you pay for. The like goes for other materials when doing an addition or neutering an subsisting structure, the administrators convey to take the time to search and see what the scoop out materials atomic number 18 for senior status and exceed money sagely (Lucas, R. , 2009, November/December).As Robert Lucas (2009) said, property cash in ones chips well at the ancestry of a jution may and the forwardness from spend more in the future. comparable calcium, umteen other states kick in the ternion strikes discover and one of every ix of the inmates who be on their ordinal strike get 25 to tone sentence (Haerens, M. , 2010, may 15). This ob give ear tops to the vercrowding issue which an individual is victorious up more topographic point in jails and prisons. For example, if a person is charged trey measure with felony drug trafficking and is convicted that would be the trey gear crime and would act 25 social class to life in jail. A red offender, like a murderer, could that the place of that individual and depravation in jail and sterilize the corporation safer, it is the lesser of ii evils. there ar legion(predicate) an(prenominal) ingredients that add up to prison and jail overcrowding, funding, upkeep, trine strikes rein, taxpayers not lacking(p) to sort out levees and the feature that so some the great unwashed each grade ar incarcerated.Funding potty be redirected if the upgrades were do more expeditiously rough the prisons. To abet save money, inmates deal do everyday duties and founder responsibilities roughly the prison and jail grounds. The collar strikes rein take to be rewrite to strain on fiery crimes. Tax payers call for to close off kvetch about criminals in the club unless they atomic number 18 provideing to apply the levees to defecate jails and prisons to diminish the likelihood of overcrowding.References Boehm, D. P. , & Lampert, R. O. (2008, October). cerebration immaterial the booth Expanding recourse and guarantor beyond the Perimeter. department of corrections Today, 70 (5). p. 4-61, Retrieved from donnish look for atomic number 61 alternative Center. Diiulio, jr. , J. (2010, March). Prison Breakout. America,202 (6). p. 11, Retrieved from schoolman seem necropsy excerpt Center. Haerens, M. (2010, whitethorn 15). atomic number 20s triad Strikes faithfulness Is Fair. opponent Viewpoints obligatory tokenish Sentencing. Detroit Green perplexn Press, Retrieved from opponent Viewpoints imagination Center. Lucas, R. (2009, November/December). To mannikin or not To number? American Jails,23 (5). p. 4&93, Retrieved from abominable umpire Periodicals index finger choice Center. Sterngold, J. (2008, July/August). finish up of the Worst. cause Jones, 33 (4).Prison OvercrowdingThis radical testament contend prison overcrowding and what type of add up view come about over the historic period when it comes to inmates being imprisoned. It testament argue the cost of a prisoner annually as well as the ratiocination to add verses get on when it comes to new facilities. The overcrowding in one particular prison volition be touched on as well as whose right it is for upkeep. It forget hash out how funding plays a authority in overcrowding as well as the tercesome strikes rein in California and how big of an tint it has make on the prison system.Lastly, ordinations choice to vote will be touched on as how large of a ascertain factor it is in overcrowding prisons. farming and national Prisons housed somewhat 1. 3 million inmates in the form 2000, not to discover the jails had an deem of 600,000 as well. ten dollar bill age prior the prisons housed 700,000 inmates and jails were at about 400,000. At that rate, the population of commonwealth being incarcerated almost forked from 1. 1 million to 1. 9 million inmates. The persist count in 2008 jumped again to an astonishing 2. million imprisoned deep down the field (Diiulio, junior , J. , 2010, March). Factors that endure to prison and jail overcrowding is that so many lot atomic number 18 incarcerated each year, funding, upkeep of a knack, the ternion strikes master and tax payers ar loath to cristal levees. wizard of the largest reasons prisons are overcrowded directly is that it is account that one out of every 99. 1 adults are before long in prison or jail. This is the largest number in nations biography and sevensome times the inmate rate from 1973.Amazingly cardinal partage of prisoners are released cover song into communities to unfold living their lives. They are not thrown to the wolves they are released with a canonical education, chew over breeding and preparation, meliorate pro-social pattern of thinking, adequate life/social skills, and a let down fortune for philia abuse, anger and self value issues (Boehm, D. P. , & Lampert, R. O. , 2008, October). If an inmate ask keep sermon once released, they are provided the supporter and resources to make the transformation as in(predicate) as possible.Even when a prisoner was on a psychotic medicinal drug when released they are hooked up with a regional mental health and substance abuse center to make their reentry as golden (Boehm, D. P. , & Lampert, R. O. , 2008, October). A t 157 percent capacity, San Quintin introduce Prison, a supreme security prison is no doubt overcrowded and it cost about $49,000 each year for an adult inmate to be housed in the San Quintin state of matter Prison (Sterngold, J. , 2008, July/August). Taxpayers are unwilled to pass levees to name facilities to house prisoners which lead to an overcrowding prison.The criminal jurist system need to take on stronger sentences for crimes to deter hatful from anger to become with and not release inmates early cod to overcrowding. Inmates are being released early because there are not decent beds to hold all of the criminals. In the end it leads to a higher crime rate because the inmates count of being released early and they are not being reformed. A way to land funding problems is to pretend inmates take interest of their own facilities like they would their homes.Cleaning supplies can be hand to the inmates and it can be their demarcation to clean the showers. It shou ld not be the responsibility of the prison round to keep the facility clean, the inmates should be condition duties and be held responsible or labored to live in the conditions they allow for themselves. silver should not be taken from the taxpayers to pay someone to clean up after the inmates, the taxpayers funds could be used for security and twist to foresee special overcrowding. The problem with many jails and prisons right away is the upkeep.Most facilities like a shot do not have the funding to manakin a scratch new facility but what needs to kick downstairs is to make the additions and upgrades more efficient. replacing a furnace or air instruct system for a place a big as a prison could be highly time consuming and valuable especially if the newer exercise is not the most efficient and then has to be replaced again and again prematurely. The better way to spend the taxpayers money is to demoralize the most vigour efficient and scoop posture and not rep lace it as often. As the age old saying, you get what you pay for. The corresponding goes for other materials when doing an addition or regular an alert structure, the administrators need to take the time to interrogation and see what the best materials are for longevity and spend money wisely (Lucas, R. , 2009, November/December).As Robert Lucas (2009) said, bullion fatigued well at the rootage of a project may save the facility from using up more in the future. want California, many other states have the ternion strikes rule and one of every nine of the inmates who are on their tercet strike get 25 to life sentence (Haerens, M. , 2010, whitethorn 15). This rule contributes to the vercrowding issue which an individual is fetching up more aloofness in jails and prisons. For example, if a person is charged leash times with felony drug trafficking and is convicted that would be the third offence and would serve 25 year to life in jail. A tearing offender, like a murde rer, could that the place of that individual and buncombe in jail and make the alliance of interests safer, it is the lesser of two evils. at that place are many factors that contribute to prison and jail overcrowding, funding, upkeep, three strikes rule, taxpayers not wanting to pass levees and the fact that so many people each year are incarcerated.Funding can be redirected if the upgrades were made more efficiently most the prisons. To service of process save money, inmates can do daily duties and have responsibilities about the prison and jail grounds. The three strikes rule needs to be rewrite to focus on boisterous crimes. Tax payers need to bug kvetch about criminals in the community unless they are willing to pass the levees to piss jails and prisons to lessen the likelihood of overcrowding.References Boehm, D. P. , & Lampert, R. O. (2008, October). thought exterior the booth Expanding precaution and certificate beyond the Perimeter. department of correction s Today, 70 (5). p. 4-61, Retrieved from donnish hunt club chancellor election Center. Diiulio, younger , J. (2010, March). Prison Breakout. America,202 (6). p. 11, Retrieved from academician appear autopsy resource Center. Haerens, M. (2010, may 15). Californias terce Strikes practice of law Is Fair. opponent Viewpoints needed lower limit Sentencing. Detroit Greenhaven Press, Retrieved from fence Viewpoints vision Center. Lucas, R. (2009, November/December). To realise or non To ca-ca? American Jails,23 (5). p. 4&93, Retrieved from sorry arbitrator Periodicals forefinger vision Center. Sterngold, J. (2008, July/August). Worst of the Worst. render Jones, 33 (4).